الفهرس 
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Abstract
Obesity is a world wide public health problem which is capable of producing a wide variety of complications. Diabetes mellitus, is also one of the most common chronic diseases which has a high worldwide prevalence. So, many researches were done for developing new drugs for treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Ghrelin and ghrelin agonists were suggested by many researches for treatment of both obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Besides ghrelin’s well-described effects on food intake and growth hormone secretion, more attention has been given recently to its contribution to the regulation of blood glucose levels in the body. Although this effect may be mediated by direct mechanisms, most evidence suggests indirect regulation through insulin. Despite controversial results, many studies point out that ghrelin is able to inhibit insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo, which provides excellent therapeutic perspectives for type 2 diabetes. Ghrelin receptor antagonists for example, could be used to improve insulin release and insulin sensitivity. However, only a few antagonists are currently under investigation in clinical studies and the development of new potent and selective antagonists of the ghrelin receptor are warranted.
This study was done to evaluate ghrelin and insulin levels in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This study included 40 subjects 20 males and 20 females. Their age ranged from 34-50 years. They were classified into 3 groups as follow:
Summary
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Group 1: It consisted of 15 simple obese subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus. They were 7 males and 8 females with age ranged from 39-50 years old.
Group 2: It consisted of 15 obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. They were 7 males and 8 females with age ranged from 37-49 years old.
Group 3: It consisted of 10 apparently healthy subjects. They were 5 males and 5 females with age ranged from 34-45 years old.
All subjects will be subjected to the following :
(3) Full history taking and clinical examination.
(4) Laboratory examination of:
a. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose.
b. lipid profile: including total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C.
c. fasting serum Insulin by ELISA.
d. fasting plasma Ghrelin by ELISA.
The results of this study revealed that:
The median level of fasting serum insulin, lipid profile (TC, TG and LDL) were significantly higher among both obese non diabetic group and obese diabetic group than control group. (With P<0.001 for insulin, p=0.002 for TC, p<0.001 for TG, p=0.010 for LDL).
The median level of fasting plasma ghrelin was statistically significantly lower in obese non diabetic group and obese diabetic group compared with control group ( p<0.001).
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The current study revealed negative correlation between fasting plasma Ghrelin (pg/ml) and each of the following parameters: FBG , PPG , lipid profile and fasting serum insulin among total studied participants ( p=0.035 for FBG, p=0.046 for PPG, p=0.010 forTC, p=0.027 for TG, p=0.004 for LDL and p=0.002 for insulin).
This study showed that obesity and diabetes have a key role in regulating fasting plasma ghrelin, suggesting both physiological and pathophysiological roles for ghrelin in glucose metabolism.