الفهرس 
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Abstract
Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the fastest-growing category of mAb therapeutics entering clinical study. They are classified into murine monoclonal antibodies, chimeric and humanised monoclonal antibodies, fully human monoclonal antibodies and recombinant antibody constructs.
Rituximab become the most widely used antibody in the treatment of patients with CLL. Rituximab has been used successfully to treat the complications of CLL or its therapy, including pure red cell aplasia and fludarabine-induced immune thrombocytopenia.
Ofatumumab is a second-generation, fully-human, anti-CD20 mAb. In 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ofatumumab for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
GA-101 Obinutuzumab is the first humanized and glycoengineered type II monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody to enter clinical trials. It has enhanced ADCC in vitro compared with rituximab.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved obinutuzumab (Gazyva, Genentech) for the treatment of patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).The drug is indicated for use in combination with chlorambucil in this setting.
Epratuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD22 receptors on B lymphocytes. It is being evaluated for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Lucatumumab has been evaluated in phase 1 trials in relapsed B-CLL and multiple myeloma (MM). Twenty-six patients with relapsed B-CLL were enrolled in a phase 1 study in which lucatumumab was administered weekly for 4 weeks for one cycle.
In AML, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) induced remissions in 31% of patients with tolerable side effects. When evaluating the patients with respect to age, remission was achieved in 34% of patients under 60, and 28% of patients sixty years and older.
Another mAb directed to CD33 has been developed. Lintuzumab is a humanized mAb developed from the original murine M195. lintuzumab was well tolerated, and a maximum tolerated dose was not defined. Responses were observed in 7 of 17 patients with AML.
In combination therapy regimens, mAb therapy clearly improves outcomes for hematologic malignancies. The optimal timing and combination regimens are areas on ongoing research.