الفهرس 
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Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for the repair of injured tissues and organs, including the peripheral nerve injury. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of transplantation of Schwann cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in injured sciatic nerve in albino rats. forty adult male albino rats, weighing 200-250gram, were used in this work. The rats were classified into four groups; the first group was the normal control group and the second group was sciatic nerve injury non-treated group in which rats were undergone Standardized crush injury of sciatic nerve by a standard surgical hemostat for one minute , the third group was sciatic nerve injury stem cells- treated group in which sciatic nerve injury rats were treated with intralesional injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (in a dose of 3x 105cells/rat) Finally, the forth group was sciatic nerve injury schwann cells- treated group in which sciatic nerve injury rats were treated with intralesional injection of schwann cells (in a dose of 3x 105cells/rat). In each of the previously mentioned group functional evaluation, electrophysiological recording, expression of BDNF mRNA by RT-PCR, serum malondialdehyde and serum total antioxidant capacity were measured. At the end of the experiment (after 8 weeks),the rats were sacrificed and sciatic nerves were excised for histopathological studies. The results showed that significant improvement of functional evaluation, electrophysiological evaluation, expression of BDNF mRNA by RT-PCR, serum malondialdehyde and serum total antioxidant capacity after intralesional injection of schwann cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells when compared with sciatic nerve non treated group. Histopathological examination with H&E stained sections and toludine blue sections from the sciatic nerve showing restored regular arrangement of the axons , increased thickness and regularity of the nerve and cellularity of schwann cells decreased relatively in schwann cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated groups when compared with sciatic nerve non treated group. In the present investigations intralesional injection of schwann cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was associated with significant improvement in the mean value of sciatic function index (SFI), Muscle Action Potiential (MAP) Nerve conduction velocity(NCV) and BDNF mRNAexpression, also there were elevation of total anti oxidant capacity and decreased oxidative stress marker (MDA). Histopathological examination with H&E stained sections and toludine blue sections from the sciatic nerve stem cells-treated group and schwann cells-treated group showed a picture nearly similar to the normal sciatic nerve control group.