الفهرس 
DABETES MELLITUSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this controlled study, 84 diabetic patients suffering from ketosis and 22 normal
subjects ere included to investig<tJ£ the abnormal motion of Hb vi.3 the absorption spectrum
and buffer capacity, as ell as hemoglobin of d l Herent ligand derivatives and
the related coupli’j enzymes such as methemoglobin reductase system. In addition
hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and bioen tlcs of Hb ere detected. Also the glycosylation of
hemoglobin and plasma albumin ere done at admission and ithin treatment, coupled ith
the above mentioned measurements to identify the tissue hypoxia related to microcirculatory
and macrovascular disease. The obtained data rever<.\Q.·I the follo ing results:-
Lll Fasting blood glucose level as highly significant9 increased at the day of
admission, hile its concentration decreased by about 50/after 2 days of
treatment.
Summary and Conclusion - ( 1111
lll Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb Ale) as 1.7 times of contiol at admission and became 1.5
time of control after 8 days of treatment, indicating the narro
limits of ffect.
{1.1. Base and acid buffei capacities ere increased significantly in ketotic patients as
compaied to CO/ltiol. Ho ever, the value decreased by about 50\ at 8 days of treatment,
referning to the folding of haemoglobin after being unfolded.
Lil The ne groups hich by unfolding became exposed to haemoglobin’s suiface go hand in
hand ith the oveiall changes in absorption spectium. i.e.
incieasing H+ and oH- acceptors ith Hb unfolding and decrease ith folding.
J..2.l. The above.. ..,mentioned
abnormal motion is mainly
attiibuted to the conveision of Hb to methemoglobin, i.e., disordei in oxid ation reductin
potential, namely methemoglobin reductase and its coupling enzymes.
Summary and Conclusion - (1121
LQl Sulfohemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin
were also
higher the
in ketotic patietns than normal, abovementioned redox disorder
indicating and heme
catabolism respectively.
LZl The elevation of enthalpy (heat content) and entropy (molecular disorder) in badly
controlled patients, indicates the new conformation of haemoglobin.
LftL The diabetic patient suffering a state of tissue hypoxia related to
microcirculatory and macrovascular disease is also having hemoglobins of lo er functional
activity (Hb Ale and other Hb
d rivatives hich have a higher oxygen affinity than normal. Thus, according to this
ork, the contribu tion of methemoglobin, sulfohemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, in the
production of tissue oxygen deprivation is to be added to the etiology of tissue hypoxia in
diabetes.
i1l This work demonstrates the marked energetic relation of methemoglobin-reductase system
to exogenous insulin.