الفهرس 
Materials and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of electromagnetic fields emitted from cell phones and cell phone base stations on the lingual mucosa and their associated papillae and taste buds. as well as the lingual salivary glands.
Materials and methodsSixty adult male albino rats weighing 120-150gm were used in this investigation. they were divided as follows.
group I animals consisted of 20 rats that were kept away from any source of electromagnetic fields , and served as controls.
group II animals consisted of 20 rats. They were exposed to electromagnetic fields emitted from cell phone (motorolla c115),specific absorption rate 2 watt/ Kg body weight for 12 weeks .
GroupШ animals consisted of 20 rats. They were exposed to electromagnetic fields emitted from cell phone base station for 12 weeks.
After 12 weeks of the beginning of the experiment half the number of the animals of each group(10 animals) were sacrificed by cervical dislocation.
The rest of the animals of each group i.e.10 animals of each group I, II,Ш were titled as group Ia, IIa, Ш a respectively, were allowed a recovery period away from any source of electromagnetic fields for extra 12 weeks after which they were sacrificed in the same way.
The tongues of all the rats of the different groups were dissected out, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin ,washed , dehydrated in ascending grades of ethyl alcohol , cleared in xylene , embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with :
1-hematoxilin and eosin for histological evaluation
2- ki67 to detect the rate of cell proliferation
3- BCL2 for detection of any apoptic cell death
4-Strept avidin –Biotin using monoclonal mouse cytokeratin antibody to localize cytokeratin in the surface epithelium and salivary glands of the tongue