الفهرس 
Embryology of the cervical spineOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Posterior cervical fixation techniques passes thought wire fixation as the first application for this technique and then using of the plating system which was a great advance in the posterior fixation but drawbacks appeared for this technique that limit its use. The newly advanced technique for the posterior cervical fixation is the use of polyaxial screw rod system in the lateral mass of cervical vertebrae. This technique overcomes the limitations of the previously used techniques. In our study 30 patients with unstable cervical spine underwent posterior cervical fixation by polyaxial screw rod system. We used Magerl’s technique for the subaxial cervical spine fixation and Harms technique for C1-C2 fixation.All patients underwent preoperative clinical and imaging assessment and a follow up period of 6 months.In our study there were 23 male patients and 7 female patients their age ranged from 20 to 69 years with a mean age of 47.2 years.The series included 22 cases with degenerative cervical spondylotic disease. The commonest levels of stenosis were from C3 to C6,loss of cervical lordosis was seen in 16 cases and instability in flexion and extension films was found in 6 cases.