الفهرس 
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Abstract
It has been recognized that COPD involves several extra
pulmonary features, indicating that it is a systemic disease, and that one
of the major systemic features is osteoporosis, which is a systemic
skeletal disease characterized by microarchitectural reduction of bone
tissue leading to a low bone mass, increased bone fragility and thereby
increased fracture risk.
Although osteoporosis is derived from multiple causes such as,
age, smoking, malnutrition, and steroid treatment, a systemic effect of
COPD may contribute directly to the occurrence of osteoporosis.
Osteopenia is defined as a BMD between 1 and 2.5 SDs below the
mean for young adults of the same sex, while osteoporosis is defined as a
BMD of > 2.5 SDs below the mean for young adults of the same sex.
Different methods of BMD measurements can be used. Dual
energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is currently the most frequently
used and is accurate, reproducible and involves very low doses of
radiation.
The aim of this study was to shed light on the osteoporosis as a
systemic effect of COPD and its prevalence in different COPD degrees.
This study was conducted on 30 COPD patients and 10 healthy
subjects as a control group; they were selected from Al- Mahalla chest
hospital from April 2012 to March 2013. Age of COPD group ranged
from 49 to 67 years, they were all males; while age of the control group
ranged from 50 to 63 years, they were all males also.
All subjects were subjected to; detailed clinical history, thorough
clinical examination, plain chest-X-ray postero-anterior and lateral views, pulmonary function tests (spirometry), blood sample for complete blood
picture, ESR, serum calcium, serum phosphates, and measurement of bone
density by using DEXA.
The results of this study revealed;
Prevalence of osteoporosis in COPD group was higher than in the
control group and reached 30%, while osteopenia reached 50%.
Prevalence of osteoporosis increased with the increase of the
severity of COPD.