الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was conducted in some private apiaries at five Egyptian governorates , in addition to the experimental laboratory and apiary of the Economic Entomology and Agricultural Zoology of the Faculty of Agriculture , Menoufia University , Egypt. The main purpose of this work
was to throw the light on the most dominant pests and diseases attacking
honeybee colonies at different localities of Egypt, furthermore to study the
effect of entomopathogenic nematodes in the control of the greater wax
moth, in addition to evaluate the efficacy of some essential plant oils against
varroa mites in comparison with Apistan strips.
The points of research aim to :
1- Study the monthly distribution and the seasonal dynamics of the
red hornet wasp, Vespa orientalis attacking honey bee colonies at five
governorates of Egypt (Menoufia, Gharbia, Sharkia, Kaliobia, Dakahlia )
for two years from the period of March 2011 till February 2013.
2- Study the monthly distribution and the seasonal dynamics of the
varroa mite, Varroa destructor infecting honey bee workers, brood , and
dropped mites at private apiaries of five governorates of Egypt
(Menoufia, Gharbia, Sharkia, Kaliobia, Dakahlia ) for two years from the
period of March 2011 till February 2013.
3- Study the monthly distribution and the seasonal dynamics of the
greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella infecting honey bee workers,
brood , and dropped mites at private apiaries of five governorates of
Egypt (Menoufia, Gharbia, Sharkia, Kaliobia, Dakahlia ) for two years
from the period of March 2011 till February 2013.
4- Study the monthly occurrence of the sac brood virus (SBV) ,
Vespa orientalis infecting honey bee colonies at five governorates of
Egypt (Menoufia, Gharbia, Sharkia, Kaliobia, Dakahlia ) for two years
from the period of March 2011 till February 2013.
5- Study the monthly occurrence of the acute bee paralysis virus
(ABPV) , Vespa orientalis infecting honey bee colonies at five
governorates of Egypt (Menoufia, Gharbia, Sharkia, Kaliobia, Dakahlia )
for two years from the period of March 2011 till February 2013.
6- Laboratory experiments on the control the larvae of the greater
wax moth , Galleria mellonella, using entomopathogenic nematode,
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora .
7- Laboratory experiments on the control the larvae of the greater
wax moth , Galleria mellonella, using entomopathogenic nematode,
Steinernema carpocapsae .
8- Field experiments on the control of varroa mite, Varroa
destructor infested honeybee colonies using some biological agents i.e.
Essential oils (Basil, Peppermint oil, Jasmine, Artemis, Clove, Cinnamon,
Canola oils, and Eucalyptus oil ).
9- Field experiments on the integrated control programs against
varroa mite, Varroa destructor infested honeybee colonies using
essential oils , Oxalic acid and Apistan strips .
Five apiaries each represent one governorate were chosen to collect
samples to study the ecology of different honey bee pests and diseases,
Hives were naturally infested with studied pests and left without any
treatments allover the period of study, samples were collected every
thirteen days , two times per month for two years.
Entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ,
and Steinernema carpocapsae were reared at the laboratory , as well as using nematodes in the control of wax moths.
Eight oil plants were prepared to study their effects in the control
of varroa mites infesting honeybee colonies under field conditions (Basil
oil, Peppermint oil, Jasmine oil, Artemis oil, Clove oil, Cinnamon oil,
Canola oil, and Eucalyptus oil ).
Furthermore, an integrated management control experiment, under
field conditions, using the best essential oils applied with Oxalic acid and
Apistan strips singly and in combination to study their effects in the
control of varroa mites in relation to other characters of honeybee
colonies.
The obtained results were statistically analyzed to measure the
significance among tested treatments.
The obtained results can be concluded at these points:
I- Pests and diseases attacking honeybee colonies at five governorate
along two successive years :
1- No wasp individuals were trapped at the five tested apiaries
during January , February and March months along the two
years of study.
2- Menoufia registered the highest mean numbers of trapped
hornets 25.9 , followed by Gharbia , 18.8 , while Kaliobia and
Dakahlia recorded only 16.5 and 12.8 , respectively.
3- Autumn season recorded the highest mean numbers of hornet
wasp 33.3 , followed by Summer season 25.5 , while Spring and
Winter seasons registered 8.5 and 5.9 , respectively.
4- Results on trapped hornets of the second year of study
confirmed that of the first one.