الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 199 |  |  |
| | | from | 199 | | |
Abstract
G.lamblia is a widely distributed flagellated protozoan parasite that inhabits the small intestine. It is the most prominent human protozoal enteropathogen with a prevalence rate that varies from 2% to 5% in the industrialized world and 20% to 30% in the developing world. Giardiasis is more prevalent between infant and children. The clinical effects of G.lamblia infection range from an asymptomatic carrier state to severe prolonged diarrhea more than 10 days, loss of appetite and weight, vomiting and flatulence. The symptoms differ from patient to another according to duration of infection and host and parasite factors. Although giardiasis is very common in Egyptlimited studies have been done on the molecular characterization of the parasite. Molecularly,G.lamblia has been divided into several assemblages and sub-assemblages that differ in the virulence and clinical outcome . Eight main assemblages of G.lamblia have been described (A-H), but only A and B genetic groups are known to infect humans and other wide host range include domestic animals ,livestock,other mammals and birds . Assemblage A isolates have been further placed into subgroups A-I and A-II, assemblage B isolates have been separated into subgroups III and IV ,genetic assemblages C,D,E,F,G and H seem to be restricted to domestic animals . In addition to genetic differences between assemblage A and assemblage B isolates both genotypes have important numbers of biological differences for example,genotype B was significantly more pathogenic in human volunteer than genotype A and there isa strong correlation between the mild intermittent type of diarrhea and assemblage A ,and sever persistant diarrhea with assemblage B . Diagnosis of G.lamblia infection is done classically by microscopic examination of stool samples but the sensitivity of microscopic examination depends highly on the number of the examined samples, the use of concentration techniques and finally on the skills and experience of the technician . Recent application of molecular characterization procedures based on PCR has made an enormous contribution to the understanding the genetic character of Giardia species, zoonotic transmission and molecular epidemiology of infection. The aim of the present work was to identify the genotypes of G. lamblia isolated from human and animal faeces in Qalubia Governorate, and to elucidate the relationship of the different genotypes to their hosts and the possibilities for zoonotic transmission. In our study stool samples of 200 diarrheic patients were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Benha University Hospital, Benha Educational Hospital and from different commercial medical laboratories in Qalubia Governorate during the period from June 2013 to November 2013, all chosen human cases were subjected to history taking for suggestive symptoms of giardiasis as abdominal pain, distension, loss of body weight, loss of appetite, number of motions to classify type of diarrhea (mild,moderet or sever), and vomiting . Also 45 animal fecal samples from different animals in the same study area include 10 cattles,15 newly borne calves,10 dogs and 10 sheeps were collected . Stool samples from all cases (human and animals ) in the present study were subjected to the following: 1-Parasitological stool examination for detection of Giardiaor other parasites using the direct iodine stained smear , formol ether concentration technique and a permanent staining technique by trichrome stain. According to the results of parasitological examination of human fecal samples human cases in present study were classified into 2 groups : Group I:Giardia positive cases include 40 cases and their stool samples were positive for Giardia cysts and or trophozoites. Group II :Giardia negative cases include 160 cases and their stool samples were negative for Giardia cysts and or trophozoites.