الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Adults are frequently referred to anaesthesiologists for
evaluation and treatment of acute or chronic pain . Only
recenth has there been similar involvement of
anaesthesiologists in pediatric pain assessment and only since
1986 have there been wide spread effon to establish
multidisciplinary approach to pam management in children
( Berde et al. , 1989) .
In all age groups . acute pam does serve as a prumnw
wanung signal drawing attennon ro injuries or surgical
complications requiring medical attention . Postoperatively .
persistent pain serves no function and funhermore . has both
adverse psychological and pathophysiological effects .
It has been documented that children are frequently g1ven
little or no analgesia even following: maJor operanons
(Beyer el al. , 1983) .
Also 7 5 o/c of hospitalized patients rece1vmg intermittent
narcotics postoperatively remain in moderate to severe pam
( Dalens , 1991 ) .
As a consequence techniques such as epidural narcotic
analgesia and patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) have been developed to circumvent the shon commgs of traditional
intermittent pain control methods .
\Vhile treatment of postoperative pain is based primarily on
humanitarian concerns . effective pain management can allow also early mobilization , reduce perioperative complications and
improve t.l-le surgical outcome ( Berde , 1992) .
So . the assessment and management of pediatric pam IS
a topic that has received a great deal of attention .