الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
The present work was designed to evaluate the protective
and therapeutic effects of Aloe vera on various haematological and biochemical aspects in young male rabbits intoxicated with malathion pesticide. After oral administration of Aloe vera juice and malathion to rabbits, alterations in some haematological and
biochemical indices were studied. The haematological parameters
included RBCs, WBCs, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC, and the biochemical parameters included LDH, AST, ALT, ALP,
bilirubin, creatinine, uric acid, urea, total protein, albumin,
globulin, A/G ratio, triglycerides, total cholesterol, total lipids,
glucose, T3, T4, and growth hormone.
Rabbits were allocated into two sets of experiments included
rabbits treated for short (7days) and long (21 days) terms
(periods). The number of animals used for each term was fifty six
rabbits. Animals of the first set of experiments (treated for a short
period; 7 days) were divided into eight groups (7 rabbits each).
The eight groups consisted of four treated groups (treated groups
1-4) and four control groups (control groups 1-4); where each
treated group had its own control group.
- Group (1): Each rabbit in this group was orally given 0.84
ml/kg b.wt. Aloe vera juice for seven days.
- Control (1): Each rabbit in this group was orally administrated 0.84 ml/kg b.wt. distilled water for seven
days.
- Group (2): Each rabbit in this group was orally
Summary160
supplemented with 5 mg/kg b.wt. malathion for seven days.
- Control (2): Each rabbit in this group was orally received
0.52 ml/kg b.wt. absolute ethyl alcohol for seven days.
- Group (3): Each rabbit in this group was given 5 mg/kg
b.wt. malathion in concomitant with 0.84 ml/kg b.wt. Aloe
vera juice orally for seven days. This group served as a
protective group.
- Control (3): Each rabbit in this group was orally supplied
with 0.52 ml/kg b.wt. absolute ethyl alcohol in concomitant
with 0.84 ml/kg b.wt. of distilled water for seven days.
- Group (4): Each rabbit in this group was orally taken 5
mg/kg b.wt. malathion for seven days followed by 0.84
ml/kg b.wt. Aloe vera juice for the same period. This group
served as a therapeutic group.
- Control (4): Each rabbit in this group was orally delivered
0.52 ml/kg b.wt. absolute ethyl alcohol for seven days
followed by 0.84 ml/kg b.wt. distilled water for the same
period.
Rabbits of the second set of experiments (treated for a long
period; 21 days) were divided into eight groups (7 rabbits each).
The eight groups consisted of four treated groups (treated groups
1-4) and four control groups (control groups 1-4); each treated
group had its own control group. The design of the long-term
experiments was exactly similar to that of the short term
experiments except the duration of treatment which extended to
21 days.
Animals in both treated and control groups were sacrificed at
the end of the specified period. Different analyses were took place
following the sacrifice on the blood and sera.
Summary
161
The results of the present study can be summarized as
follows:
There was a highly significant decline in the erythrocyte
(RBCs) count, haemoglobin (Hb) content and haematocrit
(Hct) value in the malathion treated rabbits (group 2).
Malathion also caused a marked elevation in the total
leukocyte (WBCs) count, mean corpuscular volume
(MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) in the
experimental animals of this group. However, the rabbits of
Aloe vera treated group (group 1) showed a marked
elevation in RBCs, Hb and Hct values after the short and
long periods of treatment. A significant decrease in MCV
was recorded following the long period of administration.
Most of the haematological parameters were returned to
near the values of their corresponding controls after
received Aloe vera juice in the therapeutic group (group 4).
This was specifically evident after the long term of
treatment.
A highly significant increase was observed in the activities
of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after malathion
administration in animals of group 2. Administration of
Aloe vera juice was found to be effective in lowering the
elevated (AST) and (ALT) in rabbits of the protective
(group3) and therapeutic (group 4) groups for both the
short and long periods of treatment. The serum lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and the serum alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) activity exhibited a marked increase in
the treated rabbits of groups 2 and 3 (malathion-treated
and protective groups, respectively). With regard to the role
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162
of the Aloe vera juice in the protection against the toxicity
of the malathion, the values of LDH and ALP were
lowered to near normal values of their corresponding
controls in animals of the therapeutic group treated for the
long term only. The serum total bilirubin level was
virtually unaffected in rabbits of all the treated groups in
both periods of treatment.
The serum creatinine concentration in the treated rabbits
showed insignificant changes except in rabbits of group 3
(treated for a short period) and group 2 (treated for a long
period), in which the creatinine level exhibited a highly
significant decrease and a significant increase, respectively.
The serum uric acid concentration seemed to be unaffected
in animals of all of the experimental groups except those of
group 2 treated for the long term, in which malathion
treatment caused a highly significant increase. The present
investigation showed a highly significant and significant
increase in the serum urea content of rabbits treated for
both the short and long periods in group 2 and for the short
period in group 3, respectively. The therapeutic effect of
Aloe vera appeared in both the short and long periods of
treatment as observed by the regression in uric acid and
urea concentrations to near their control values. The
protective effect of Aloe vera (group 3) appeared in
animals treated for the long period only.
Serum total protein, albumin, globulin levels and A/G ratio
exhibited insignificant changes in the treated animals of all
groups except those of group 2 in the long period of
treatment. Serum total protein and albumin levels, and A/G
ratio showed a highly significant decrease in this malathion
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163
treated group. On the other hand, the animals of this group
exhibited a significant increase in serum globulin level.
The protective and the therapeutic effects of the Aloe vera
juice on malathion treated rabbits (groups 3& 4,
respectively) were recorded in the values of total protein,
albumin, globulin and A/G ratio which returned to near the
values of their corresponding controls.
The serum triglycerides and serum total lipids in the treated
rabbits of all experimental groups seemed to be unaffected
except in those of malathion treated group (group 2). In
this group malathion caused a highly significant increase in
the levels of triglycerides and total lipids for both the short
and long periods of treatment. With regard to the serum
total cholesterol level, it was observed that the rabbits of
group 2 exhibited a highly significant decrease in
cholesterol levels after the short period of treatment. In
contrast, the rabbits of this group (group2) exhibited a
highly significant increase in the cholesterol level over the
long period of treatment. The total serum cholesterol level
in the treated animals of group 3 (the protective group)
showed a significant decrease for both periods.
Administration of Aloe vera to the treated rabbits showed
its therapeutic potency by returning the serum triglycerides,
total lipids and cholesterol levels to almost their
corresponding control levels.
Malathion administration resulted in a highly significant
increase in the glucose concentration in the treated rabbits
of group 2 over both the short and long periods of
treatment. Glucose concentration in rabbits of the
protective and the therapeutic groups showed insignificant
Summary164
changes for both the short and long periods of treatment as
compared to their control groups. This suggested that Aloe
vera juice has a hypoglycemic effect in malathion
intoxicated rabbits.
T3(triiodothyronine) levels appeared to be unaffected in all
treated animals of the experimental groups except those of
group 2. The treated rabbits in group 2 (malathion
treatment) exhibited a highly significant decrease after the
long period of treatment. The T4 (thyroxine) and growth
hormone levels were unaffected in all treated animals for
both the short and long periods of treatment.