الفهرس 
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Abstract
Rhinitis is a global health problem that affects 20%-40% of the population in developed countries and whose incidence is rising. It can be induced by different mechanisms and involves several etiological agents. Rhinitis has traditionally been classified as allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR)
The diagnosis of AR is based on clinical manifestations and supported by a positive result for skin prick test (SPT) or serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to aeroallergens. In contrast, rhinitis is diagnosed as nonallergic when an allergic cause has been ruled out by the presence of an inconsistent clinical history, a negative SPT, and the absence of serum IgE antibodies.
Nonallergic rhinitis is a very heterogeneous group of conditions that can be subdivided into several phenotypes, the largest of which are idiopathic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) In recent years, several studies have shown that many patients previously diagnosed with NAR or idiopathic rhinitis (IR) develops local allergic rhinitis (LAR) or entopy.
Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is a localized nasal allergic response in the absence of systemic atopy characterized by local production of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies, a TH2 pattern of mucosal cell infiltration during natural exposure to aeroallergens and a positive nasal allergen provocation test response with release of inflammatory mediators (tryptase and eosinophil cationic protein).
This study, conducted on 200 rhinitis patients recruited from the Outpatients Allergy - Clinical immunology and ENT clinics at Ain Shams University Hospitals from March 2013 to March 2014 to evaluate LAR prevalence.