الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the present in vivo study was the detection, quantitation and viability state of E. faecalis present in infected root canals before and after chemomechanical preparation using MTAD as an irrigant. For E. faecalis detection, quantitation and viability state three methods were used namely: 1-Cultivation. 2- Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). 3- Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).