الفهرس 
DIABETES MELLITUSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
lntreductien and Aim 11the Werk
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with many acute and chronic
complications. Chronic complications are mainly due to development of diabetic
microangiopathy resulting in retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy (Bodausky eta!., 1982).
IDDM is characterized by insulinopenia (Geuutlz, 1982).
Insulin is synthesized in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans as a precursor
molecule, Proinsulin which is cleaved into insulin and a 31 aminoacid peptide called the
connecting peptide or C-peptide. Insulin and C-peptide are secreted in equimolar
amounts (Beisclzer, 1976).
C-peptide analysis can provide an estimate of residual
(3-cell function (Faber and Binder, 1977).
Plasma C-peptide measurement have been used in research to calculate insulin
secretory rate (Eato11 eta!., 1983).
Epidemiological data suggest a strong relationship between the level of glycaemia and
incidence and progression of retinopathy in IDDM. However the relationship of endogenous
insulin secretion to diabetic retinopathy independent of glycemic control is not clear,
some studies suggest a protective effect whereas others do not (Kleiu eta/., 1995).
On the other hand higher fasting insulin and C-peptide levels were found to be
associated with higher blood pressure (Every et al., 1993).
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The ann of this study is to assess the importance of C peptide as a measure of
endogenous insulin secretion and to throw light on the relationship between level of
C-peptide and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and hype11ension.