الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study aimed to : kemia is one of the chronic lympho-proliferative disorders (lymphoid neoplasm). It is characterized by a progressive accumulation of functionally incompetent lymphocytes, which are monoclonal in origin. CLL is the most common leukemia in the western world. Because of relatively long survival of patient with CLL, it is by far the most prevalent leukemia CLL remains an enigmatic disease. Although the first clinical description of CLL was puplished over 150 years ago, the etiology of CLL is unknown, the cell of origin of CLL is unknown, and CLL remains incurable outside of allogeneic transplantation.Unlike the symptoms and signs of acute leukemia, those of CLL develop gradually, and the onset of the Traditional prognostic markers include; Rai stage, pattern of bone marrow infilteration, number of prolymphocytes in blood or bone marrow, lymphocytic doubling time, absolute lymphocyte count and β2 Microglobulin. The four novel prognostic markers that currently are in widespread use in clinical practice are the following: immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgVH), CD38, ZAP-70 and interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization (iFISH) for cytogenetics abnormalities.Many combination regimens described. The combination of fludarabine and cytarabine appeared to be less effective than fludarabine alone. The best documented combination chemotherapy for CLL is fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide.One major challenge remains: deciding which other patients should be considered for allogeneic SCT and when in their disease course SCT should be offered. Because the older age of most patients, the choice is usually RIC conditioning allogeneic SCT. There is no evidence of cure with autologous SCT. Allogeneic SCT is recommended for patients with p53 abnormalities and also for younger patients who fail to respond or relapse early after first line chemoimmunotherapy.CLL cells are characterized by the dependence on the overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins to maintain their survival, so inhibitors of transcription and translation in CLL showed reduction of the short-lived anti-apoptotic proteins and induction of cell death in vitro. The action of transcription and translation inhibitors are promising to overcome resistance to current CLL therapies.