الفهرس 
IntroductIonOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Foot and mouth disease is one of the most important viral diseases affecting cattle, buffaloes and cloven-hoofed animals. It causes severe economic losses due to high morbidity, loss in meat and milk yields and their secondary complications. So the disease becomes in the spotlight of the international and local levels in many countries to control and prevent its spread depending on early diagnosis of the disease, vaccination and strict quarantine measures in addition to good animal care. The causative agent of FMD is a Picornavirus of the genus Aphthovirus belonging to family Picornaviridae. The FMDV transmitted via inhalation, ingestion, and direct contact with infected animals. FMD is prevalent in many parts of Australia, Asia, Europe and Africa, including Egypt. Diagnosis of Foot and mouth disease depends on isolation and serological detection of virus antigen. Therefore the current study aims to isolation and identification of the virus in cattle and buffaloes at different areas in Mounofya, Gharbia and Kalubia overnorates then studying of physical and biological properties of isolated virus. The Applied tests have shown the following:
1) By using SVANOVIR FMDV NSP ELISA for detection of non-structural protein antibodies against FMDV 185, 240 serum samples obtained during 2011, 2012 respectively from cattle and buffaloes at different localities in Mounofya, Gharbia and Kalubia governorates. It was found that:-
a) During 2011, out of 63 positive sera 40 and 23 were positive for the presence of non-structural protein antibodies against FMDV detected in cattle and buffaloes sera respectively. Also screening of sera of cattle and buffaloes of <1.5, 1.5-3 and >3 years old for non-structural protein antibodies of FMDV, The positive cases depending on the age ranged from 18 at <1.5year, 20 at 1.5-3 years and 25 at >3years old.
b) During 2012, out of 92 positive sera 50 and 42 were positive for the presence of non-structural protein antibodies against FMDV detected in cattle and buffaloes sera respectively. Also screening of sera of cattle and buffaloes of <1.5, 1.5-3 and >3 years old for non-structural protein antibodies of FMDV, The positive cases depending on the age ranged from 28 at <1.5year, 30 at 1.5-3 years and 34 at >3years old.
2) Trials for Isolation of suspected FMDV from epithelial tissue and OPF collected from infected cattle and buffaloes at different localities in Mounofya, Gharbia and Kalubia governorates by three blind serial passages on BHK21 cell culture revealed that out of 32, 53 suspected samples during 2011, 2012 respectively 10, 25 samples were positive respectively.
3) By using Indirect sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Identification and serotyping of field isolates of suspected FMDV showed that type A, O and SAT2 were detected in the examined samples by number of 6, 4 and 0 respectively during 2011, while during 2012 the result was 5, 6 and 14 respectively.
4) Polymerase chain reaction (both real time and conventional ) was used for identification and serotyping of field isolates of suspected FMDV showed that type A and O were detected in the examined samples of 2011while during 2012 type A, O and SAT2 were detected in the examined samples .
5) The FMDV serotypes A and O not agglutinate RBCs from sheep, goat, cattle, guinea pig, pigeon and goose while serotype SAT2 not agglutinate RBCs from these species except guinea pig.
6) Trials to detect effect of some physical factors on the isolated FMDV revealed that:-
• FMDV serotype A, O and SAT2 was inactivated by temperature ≥ 55 ºc even the exposure of the virus to this degree up to 15 minutes , while temperature ≤ 37ºc not affect the virus even the virus was exposed to this degree up to 45 minutes.
• FMDV serotype A, O and SAT2 was inactivated by PH of PH ≥ 9 and ≤5 but PH of 6.5-7.5 cause not affect on the virus.
• FMDV serotype A, O and SAT2 was inactivated by exposure to UV light of a wavelength of 256 nm even to 15 minutes.