الفهرس 
Physiological and biochemical effects of herbicidesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Algae have advantages over other microorganisms because it can produce various biologically active substances such as growth regulators (gibberellins, auxins, cytokinins), vitamins, amino acids, polypeptides, fatty acids, antibacterial and antifungal substances that exert phytopathogen biocontrol, polymers (especially exopolysaccharides) and wide range of secondary metabolites with various biological actions. Application of herbicides to arable lands is one of the most important practices for controlling weeds growth in modern agriculture. But herbicides may affect also the crop plants, therefore some chemicals have been used as safeners. In the present study, we have used some algal suspensions as alternatives instead of chemical safeners to protect crop plants from herbicides damage. Sulfonylurea’s, are herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), It’s also called acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), which inhibit the production of key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine and indirectly disrupts DNA synthesis. Aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides are informally termed fops,’ inhibit the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), the enzyme catalyzing the first committed step in de novo fatty acids synthesis, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis presumably blocks the production of phospholipids used in building new membranes required for cell growth. In this study, two herbicides, namely, granstar (sulfonylurea’s) which used in weeds control in barley and fusilade super (Aryloxyphenoxy propionate) which used in weeds control in faba bean. This work was designed for further understand of the possible effects of them on their respective crop plants. Furthermore, alleviation of the adverse effects of each herbicide on the crop plant was tried via priming grains and seeds of the studied plants in different algal suspensions (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis and Nostoc muscorum).