الفهرس 
CauliflowerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health problem in
both industrial and developing countries including Egypt. The
etiology of CHD is not completely understood, however,
epidemiological data suggest that elevated levels of plasma
cholesterol and low density lipoprotein are two primary risk
factors. Many other factors such hypertension, reduced
fibrinolysis, increases in blood-clotting time and increased
platelet aggregation were recorded. The composition of the
human diet plays an important role in the management of lipid
and lipoprorein concentrations in the blood.
The present study aims to investigate the effects of
Cauliflower intake on liver and kidney functions and blood lipids
profile in hypercholetrolemic rats. The possible mechanisms by
which these components may affect lipid metabolism will also be
briefly addressed. Also, the histopathological examination for the
different organs including liver, kidney and heart of the subjected
rats will be in the scope of this study.
Forty eight adult male albino rats (Spragu Dawley Strain)
weighting between 140 and 150gm were used for the present
study. The rats were divided into 6 groups, each 8 rats. The
experiment was carried out in two period, the first one for three
weeks, while the second was extended to 6 weeks.
SUMMARY
(91)
During the first period, normal control group was fed basal
diet, while the other five groups were fed on the hyperlipidemic
diet. During the second period, one group of the hyperlipidemic
rats was fed on hyperlipidemic diet (10%animal fat,
1%cholesterol). While the other four groups were fed on
hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with cauliflower (5, 10% fresh
cauliflower, 5, 10% steamed cooked cauliflower).
The animals were divided into 6 groups of 8 rats as the following:
Group 1: control group fed on standard diet.
Group 2: untreated group fed on hyperlipidemic diet.
Group 3: fed on hyperlipidemic diet with 5% fresh dried
cauliflower.
Group 4: fed on hyperlipidemic diet with 10% fresh dried
cauliflower.
Group 5: fed on hyperlipidemic diet with 5% steamed cooked
cauliflower.
Group 6: fed on hyperlipidemic diet with 10% steamed cooked
cauliflower.
At the end of the experimental period, animals were
sacrificed after 12 hours fasting. Blood samples were collected
and obtained from the hepatic portal veins.
SUMMARY
(92)
The obtained data could be summarized as follow:
I.Body weight gain (BWG), food efficency ratio (FER)
and organ weight:
BWG was significantly diffened (P<0.05) for rats fed on
fresh cauliflower 5% (G3) when compared with the untreated
group (G2) (hyperlipidemic diet) but BWG highly significant
(P<0.01) G5 and G6 when compared with G2.
Feed intake significantly diffened (P<0.05) for rats (G1,G6)
when compared with the untreated group (G2) (hyperlipidemic
diet) but G3,G4 and G5 show no significant when compared with
(G2).
FER was significantly diffened (P<0.05) for rats fed on
fresh cauliflower 10% (G4) when compared with the untreated
group (G2) (hyperlipidemic diet) but FER very highly significant
(P<0.001) for rats fed on dried steamed cauliflower G5 and G6
when compared with (G2).
The mean values of kidney weight were decreased by 12%
(G3), 15% (G4), 25% (G5) and 48% (G6) for groups of rats fed
on hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with different levels of
cauliflower under investigation as compared with untreated group
fed on (hyperlipidemic diet).
SUMMARY
(93)
The spleen weight was significantly diffened (P<0.05) for
rats fed on dried steamed cauliflower 5%(G5) when compared
with the untreated group (G2) (hyperlipidemic diet). With
increasing of cauliflower level in diet up to 10% the rate of
decrease spleen weight becam very highly significant (P<0.001).
The same trend was observed for the rat fed on steamed
cauliflower 10% (G6), which showed very highly significant
decrease (P<0.001) in spleen weight.
There were nosignificant difference among all the groups of
animals for liver weights.
About the heart, the lowest value was found (0.35±0.22
gm/rat) for rats fed on dried steamed cauliflower 10% (G6), while
the highest value (1.0313±7.039 gm/rat) for untreated rats fed on
(G2) and the difference was very highly significantly (P<0.001).
II. Effect of cauliflower consumption on serum lipid
profile of rats fed hyperlipidemic diet .
For total Cholesterol, level of feeding fresh cauliflower
(5%) was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by the rate of 22
%(G3) when compared with untreated group(G2). With
increasing of cauliflower level in diet, feeding fresh cauliflower
(10%), the rate of decrease in total Cholesterol became very high
significant (p<0.001) recording 47.9%(G4). The same trends were
observed for the cooked feeding cauliflower groups (5 and 10%),
which showed significant (p<0.05) and very high significant
SUMMARY
(94)
(p<0.001) decreases in total Cholesterol by the rates of 17.7
%(G5) and 54.7%(G6) when compared with untreated group(G2),
respectively.
LDL Cholesterol, level of fresh feeding cauliflower
5%(G3) was not significantly decreased when compared with the
untreated group(G2). With increasing cauliflower level in diet,
feeding fresh cauliflower 10%(G4) and 5%(G5),10%(G6) were
fed on cooked cauliflower, the rate of decrease in cholesterol
became highly significant (p<0.01), recording
12%(G4),10.6%(G5) and 13.9% (G6) when compared with
untreated group.
Serum VLDL cholesterol was highly significantly
(p<0.01) decreased for rats fed on fresh cauliflower 5%(G3) and
(G4),(G6) that fed on 10% fresh and steamed cauliflower when
compared with the untreated group (G2) fed on (hyperlipidemic
diet).
from data, the mean values of HDL cholesterol was
decreased by 11% (G4), 12.6% (G5) and 27% (G6) for the groups
of rats fed on hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with different
levels of cauliflower under investigation as compared with
untreated group fed on (hyperlipidemic diet)
SUMMARY
(95)
For triglycerides, level of feeding fresh cauliflower (5%)
was high significant decreased (p<0.01) by the rate of 31 %(G3)
when compared with untreated group(G2). With increasing
cauliflower level in diet, feeding fresh cauliflower 10%, the rate
of decrease in triglycerides became very highly significantly
(p<0.001) recording 36%(G4). The same trends were observed
for the cooked feeding cauliflower groups (5 and 10%) which
induced highly significantly (p<0.01) decreases in triglycerides
by the rates of 33 %(G5) and 38%(G6) when compared with the
untreated group(G2), respectively.
On the other side, total lipids level of fresh feeding
cauliflower 5% was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by the rate
of 21.9 %(G3) when compared with untreated group(G2). With
increasing cauliflower level in diet, feeding fresh cauliflower
group (10%), the rate of decreases in total lipids was increased by
high significant (p<0.01) values and recording 37.6%(G4). The
same trends were observed for the cooked feeding cauliflower
(5% and 10%) which induced significant (p<0.05) and highly
significant (p<0.01) decreases in total lipids by the rates of
18%(G5) and 33.3%(G6) when compared with untreated group
(G2), respectively.
The serum phospholipids were significantly decreased
(p<0.05) by 32%(G5) and 33%(G6) for rats groups fed on
hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with steamed cauliflower at
the two levels under investigation as compared with those fed on
SUMMARY
(96)
the hyperlipidemic diet (G2). The serum phospholipids were
highly significantly decreased (p<0.01) by 30% (G3) and
39%(G4) for rats groups fed on hyperlipidemic diet supplemented
with fresh cauliflower at the two levels under investigation as
compared with those fed on the hyperlipidemic diet (G2).
III. The effect of cauliflower consumption on liver
Functions of rats fed with hyperlipidemic diet .
Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) of
fresh feeding cauliflower group (5%) was insignificantly
decreased by the rate of 16.6 % when compared with the control
positive group. With the increasing of cauliflower level in diet,
fresh fed on cauliflower group 10%, the rate of decrease in GOT
became highly significant (p<0.01) and recording 44.8%. But the
groups (G5,G6) fed on steamed cauliflower groups 5 and 10%
induced significant (p<0.05) (p<0.01) decrease in GOT by the
rates of 19 and 29 % when compared with the control positive
group, respectively.
For glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) of fresh
feeding cauliflower group (5%) was not significantly decreased
by the rate of 8.24% when compared with the control positive
group. Increasing of cauliflower level in diet, fresh feeding
cauliflower group 10%, the rate of decrease in GPT became
significant (p<0.05) and recorded 31.3%. While no significant
SUMMARY
(97)
decrease was observed for the steamed cauliflower groups (5%,
10%) when compared with the control positive group.
IV. Effect of cauliflower consumption on kidney
functions of rats fed with hyperlipidemic diet .
Urea level of fresh feeding cauliflower groups (5%) was
significantly decreased (p<0.05) by the rate of 27.7 % when
compared with the control positive group. With increasing of
cauliflower level in diet, fresh feeding cauliflower group (10%),
the rate of decrease in urea became highly significant (p<0.01) and
recording 46.5%. While was significant decrease noticed (p<0.05)
by the rats fed on steamed cauliflower groups (5%, 10%) when
compared with the control positive group by the rat of 24.5%,
29%, respectively.
For creatinine level of 5%,10% fresh feeding cauliflower
group and 5% steamed cauliflower significant decreases (p<0.05)
were noticed by the rates of 40 %,37%,24.5 when compared with
the control positive group, respectively. With the increase of
cauliflower level in diet, steamed feeding cauliflower group 10%,
the rate of decrease in creatinine became highly significant
(p<0.01) and recording 29%.
SUMMARY
(98)
V. The effect of cauliflower consumption on liver,
heart, kidney and spleen histopathology of rats
fed on diet containing cholesterol.
Liver histopathology: Microscopically, liver of control ,
untreated rats revealed the normal histology of hepatic lobule. On
the other hand , liver of control + ne rats (positive) showed
dilatation and congestion of central vein, hydropic degeneration
of hepatocytes, vacuolations of hepatocytes , activation of
epithelial lining bile duct associated with appearance newly for
med bile ductuoles. However, liver of rat from group 3 (5% fresh)
revealed hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes. While mean,
liver of rats from group 4 (10% fresh) revealed apparent normal
hepatocytes. Liver of rat from group 5 (5% cooked) showed no
changes except hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes. Moreover,
liver of rat from group 6 (10% cooked) revealed activation of
kupller cells as well as portal infiltration with leucocytes.
Heart histopathology: Microscopically, heart of
control, untreated rats revealed the normal histology of
myocardial muscle fibers. On the other hand , heart of control +
ne rat group2 (postive) showed vacuolation of some myocardial
muscle fibers and vacuolation in tunica media of cardiac blood
vessels. However, heart of rats from group 3 (5% fresh) showed
granularity of some myocardial muscle fibers. Apparent normal
cardiac muscle was noticed in heart of rat from group 4 (10%
fresh). While mean, heart of rats from group 5 (5% cooked)
revealed necrosis of sporadic myocardial muscle fibers.
SUMMARY
(99)
Moreover, heart of rats from group 6 (10% cooked) showed
congestion of blood vessels.
Kidney histopathology: Histopathologically, kidneys
of control + ne, untreated revealed the normal venal parenchyma.
Meanwhile, kidneys of rats from control + ne group 2 (positive)
showed thickening and vacuolation in the wall of renal blood
vessel associated with perivascular leucocytic cells infiltration
and atrophy of the glomerular tufts. However, keidneys of rats
from groups 3 (5% fresh) and 4 (10% fresh) revealed apparent
normal renal parenchyma. Examined keidneys of rats from group
5 (5% cooked) showed vacuolation in the tumica media of renal
blood vessel and vacuolations in the epithelial lining some
renal tubules. Meanwhile, hypertrophy of glomerular tufts was
noticed in group 6 (10% cooked).
Spleen histopathology: Microscopical examination of
spleen of control, untreated rats revealed normal lymphoid
follicles. Meanwhile, lymphocytic necrosis and depletion were
observed in spleen of rats from group 2 (positive) control + ne.
However, spleen of rats from groups 3 (5% fresh), 4 (10%fresh)
and 6 (10%cooked) showed no histopathological changes.