الفهرس 
Liver physiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted to through light on the possible value of asparagus and parts of vegetable marrow plant for the health of hepatointoxicated rats. Healthy and hepatotoxic as well as nephritic rats were fed on diets containg asparagus or leaves, receptacle, peels and pulp of the vegetable marrow. After 28 days of feeding serum was analysed for biochemical parameters. Also, plant supplements were analysed for bioactive compounds. Moreover, biological parameters (BWG%, FI & FER) and internal organs weights were calculated. Biochemical analyses of serum included T. protein, albumin, globulin, albumin / globulin ratio, Total Bilirubin ( T. Bil. ), Direct Bilirubin (D. Bil.), Indirect Bilirubin ( Ind. Bil.), T . cholesterol (T.C), triglycerides (T.G), very low lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL),hight density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), AST (GOT), ALT(GPT), ALP, creatinine, urea, uric acid and glucose. The results arrived at revealed the following:
A.Phenolic compounds
Phenolic compounds were analysed. Highest total phenols were found in vegetable marrow leaves. The major phenolic compound in vegetable marrow parts and in asparagus was the pyrogallol. Total phenolic compound ranged 913 to 3194 mg / 100 g in studied plants.
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B. Hepatointoxication:
1. BWG% of rats showed significant reduction. On the contrary feeding on diets containing asparagus or vegetable marrow reversed such a change. Maximum increase of BWG % recorded for vegetable marrow pulp and vegetable marrow peels with nonsignificant differenced between them.
2. FI was significantly reduced for hepatotoxic rats but improved significantly when feeding with diets containing asparagus. Less but significant increase of FI recorded for leaves & receptacle diets of vegetable marrow. Maximum raising of FI was found for peels and pulp of vegetable marrow fruit (37.10-38.25% of control ”+” group) with nonsignificant difference between them.
3. Hepatointoxication lowered significantly the FER of rats (from 0.16 to 0.11). On the other side feeding of CCl4 treated rats with asparagus raised (+ 36.36%) significantly the FER. Leaves and receptacle of vegetable marrow showed less increases ( + 9.09 - + 18.18 % ) increase compared to control (+) group of FER. Nevertheless, maximum significant increases of FER revealed when rats were fed on peels & pulp ( + 45.46 % increase for both), provided that the increase was so considerable that CCl4 rats regained the same FER, characteristic for the healthy group. These last treatments, showed best results for BWG & FI as well as the FER.
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4. Hepatotoxicity raised the weights of the internal organs, which were lowered by feeding inflicted rats on diets containing tested plants. In particular peels and pulp of vegetable marrow fruits revealed maximum significant decreasing of internal organs weights ( - 15.43 to - 61.54% ), with nonsignificant difference between both diets .
5. Infecting of rats with hepatointoxication led to the decrease of T. protein, albumin , Alb / Glb and the increase of globulin in serum, per cent change of Alb/Glb was considerable compared to changes of T. protein, Alb and Glb, showing that this ratio is quite valid to indicate the hepatointoxication disease.
6. Feeding of hepatoxic rats on diet containing asparagus raised T. protein, albumin, Alb / Glb while reduced Glb. Vegetable marrow leaves and receptacle diets improved also the serum protein factions, but to a less extend compared to that of asparagus diet. Maximum improvement of serum protein fractions recorded for vegetable marrow peels and pulp diets with nonsignificant diference between them. In last two case Alb / Glb ratio was raised even to a level which was higher than that recorded for the control (-) healthy rats.
7. Hepatoxicity raised the levels of T. Bil., D. Bil. & Ind. Bil. in serum significantly indicating damage in the liver function . Nevertheless feeding of rats on asparagus diet reversed such changes. Less
Summary
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improvement obtained with vegetable marrow leaves or receptacle diets, provided that lowering T. Bil. and its fractions was also significant compared to control (+) group . Best group was that of vegetable marrow peels and pulp diets whit nonsignificant difference between them.
8. Injection of rats with CCl4 raised the AST, ALT, AlP activities and ASTALT ratio indicating damage of the liver function. Meanwhile feeding on asparagus diet reversed such changes. Vegetable marrow leaves and receptacle improved also the liver function, but the decrease of enzymes activities and AST/ALT ratio was less them that found for asparagus diet. Maximum decreases of AST, ALT, AlP activities and the AST/ALT ratio recorded for peels and specially for diets pulp of vegetable marrow. These two groups besides the asparagus diet showed AST/ALT ratio which was less even than that of healthy control (-) rats.
9. Hepatointoxication reduced markedly the serum activities of SOD, GPX &CAT, while feeding of rats on asparagus and vegetable marrow plant, in particular vegetable marrow peels or pulp corrected such changes, and even in these cases SOD &GPX activities were more than that quantified for the healthy (control ”-”) rats.
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C. Nephritis
10. Nephritis resulted in the inflammation and increase of internal organs weights, while feeding on asparagus and vegetable marrow leaves, and receptacle reversed such changes per cent decrease of liver , heart , spleen , lungs and kidneys organs weight ranged - 5.79 to - 9.75; - 20.0 to - 35.71; - 21.51 to - 32.26; - 13.53 to -29.41 and - 13.89 to - 30.0 % respectively. Much greater significant decreases of weights were found for vegetable marrow peels or pulp; per cent decreases were - 10.74; - 45.71; - 50.0; - 56.99; - 29.41 & - 31.67 % respectively. This indicated the higher remedial effect of vegetable marrow peels or vegetable marrow pulp.
11. Nephritis resulted in the loss of BWG % of rats which decreased from 61.85 to 8.27 %. Feeding on asparagus diet raised BWG % to 23.73 %. Less but significant increases of BWG %. Maximum increase of BWG% compared to control (+) group showed in case of feeding renopathic rats on vegetable marrow peels ( + 223.58 ± 0.09 ) and in particular the pulp diet ( + 225.27 ) with nonsignificant difference between them .
12. Feed intake reduced to nephritis while was raised by feeding on asparagus and vegetable marrow (leaves, receptacle, peel & pulp) diets with nonsignificant differences between these treatments.
Summary
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13. Comparison of biological values for both studied diseases revealed that inflammation leading to the increase of internal organs weights was more pronounced for hepatotoxic rats ( with exception of kidneys weights ) than that of nephritic rats which may indicate much worse biochemical factors. Nevertheless the BWG% was deteriorate more for nephritic rats, which was not in line with the less inflammation of internal organs. This opposition may be explained on the basis that due to loss of appetite and lower FI , BWG ,and FER were less in hepatotoxic rats, regardless of more inflammation and increase of internal organs weights.
14. T. protein, albumin, Alb/Glb were decreased while globulin increased due to nephritis. On the contrary, feeding on tested plant diets, in particular the pulp one improved the above mentioned changes. Deteriorative changes of serum protein fraction were much greater for hepatointoxication than nephritis diseases.
15. Nephritis raised serum T.C, T.G, VLDL, LDL & AI while reduced the HDL. Meanwhile asparagus and vegetable marrow diets, in particular peels and pulp of this fruit. Improved markedly the lipids profile in serum. Deterioration of lipids profile was much greater in hepatointoxication compared to nephritis.
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16. Nephritis resulted in the deterioration of kidneys function indicators as Judged by the increase of serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. Asparagus and vegetable marrow diets, specially the peelS and pulp diets improved considerably the liver function.
17. Nephritis resulted in the decrease of serum Na, K ,Ca & P possibly due to escape with urine. On the other hand, feeding on asparagus and vegetable marrow diets corrected the serum minerals status.