الفهرس 
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Abstract
Among the promising medicinal plants, N. sativa is amazing herb with a rich historical and religious background. In the present study, N. sativa was used as an immunomodulating agent to determine the suitable time for giving N. sativa in chickens vaccinated with newcastle disease virus vaccine. Also for studying its effect on improving level of maternal antibody titres against avian reovirus and IBDV. 400 one day old chicks were devided into 5 group, 80 chicks/ each group. - Birds of group 1 were remained as negative control. - Birds of group 2 were vaccinated with hitchner B1 strain at 14 days old and then with lasota strain at 21 days of age. - Birds of group 3 were fed on 1% N. sativa seeds for 14 days before vaccination with hitchner B1 strain, then vaccinated with lasota strain at 21 days of age. - Birds of group 4 were fed on 1% N. sativa seeds for 14 days after vaccination with hitchner B1 strain, then vaccinated with lasota strain one week later. Birds of group 5 were fed on 1% N. sativa seeds for 1weak before and 1 weak after vaccination with hitchner B1 strain at 14 days old, then vaccinated with lasota strain at 21 days of age. The experimental results revealed that:- The humoral immune responses in groups 3, 4 and 5 were the same as measured by HI test and OD of ELISA were correlated to that of HI. The protection rate was also the same in the three groups (90%). - The results of total serum protein and serum globulin were higher in group 3 and 5 than that of group 4.- The cell – mediated immune responses were best given by groups 4 and 5 followed by that of group 3 by measuring phagocytic activity, nitric oxide and lysozyme concentrations. It was noticed that N. sativa has no effect neither on the total leukocytic count nor on the interdigital skin test.
- The level of maternal antibody titres against avian reovirus in the used chicks were indetectable.
- The level of maternal antibody titers against IBD were higher in group 3 and 5 than that of group 4.