الفهرس 
Soil PollutionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This research work was carried out to evaluate some nitrate source on its
content in some soils of Egypt and also its content in both irrigation and drainage
water and cultivated plants in the same studied areas. Thus, to achive this aim,
two areas affected by two industrial activities were selected. The first area namely
Al- Kanater Al- Khiria, Qalyubia Governorate at Arab dairy factory (Panda),
where the second one namely Talkha, Dakahlia Governorate at Talkha fertilizer
factory.
Soil samples were taken from each area at soil depths of 0-15, 15-30, 30-60
and 60-90 cm at five distances from the factory .i.e. at before 500m of the factory,
(as control), 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 m after them. These soil samples were
analyzed for their particles size distribution and the content of soluble cations and
anions, pH, EC, OM, CaCO3, CEC and mainly the content of different N-forms
.i.e. total-N, NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N and organic-N (O-N). At the soil sampling
sites, samples of both irrigation and drainage water were taken and analyzed for
their pH, EC and the content of both NH4-N and NO3-N. At the same sites,
samples of cultivated plants (Wheat, Clover, Corn, Rice and Vridity) were taken
and analyzed for the content of both T-N, NH4-N and NO3-N. After that, the
relationships between some soil properties and its content of different N- forms
were calculated. from theses relations and predication equations the predict soil
content of NO3- N was calculated. Finally, dehydrogenase activity in the tested
soil samples was determined.
The obtained data may be summarized as follows:
a- Soil properties.
The studied soil samples are characterized by clay texture class with narrow
range of each particle size at different layers of soil profile. Soil samples of Al-
Kanater Al- Khiria area are characterized by neutral pH values, where the
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samples of Talkha area characterized by slightly alkaline pH values. In both
areas, soil pH was increased with the increase of soil depth and the distance of the
factories. The soils of the two areas have low EC and content of soluble cations
and anions, but they were higher in the soil of Talkha area. Soil EC and the
content of soluble ions in the soil of Talkha area were higher than these in Al-
Kanater Al- Khiria area. In addition, soil EC and the content of soluble ions were
decreased with the distance increase of the factories. Also, the soil content of
organic matter was low and decreased with increase of both soil depth and the
distance of the factories. There are no clear trend in the soil content of CaCO3
with soil depth but its decreased with the distance increase of the factories. Cation
exchange capacity of the studied soil samples were around 40 meq/100g soil and
also, were decreased with the increase of both soil depth and the distance of the
factories. In both studied area, soil samples are characterized by low content of
available phosphorus, where this content in all samples of Talkha area was higher
than that in the samples of Al- Kanater Al- Khiria area. The soil content of
available P was decreased with increase of soil depth and the distance of the
factories. The soil content of available potassium was considerable high and
decreased with the increase of soil depth. This trend was found in the two studied
areas.
b- Nitrogen forms
The studied soil content of total- N in the two studied areas was moderate,
where this content decreased with the increase of both soil depth and the distance
of the factories. At the same sampling site and soil depth, the soil content of T-N
in the soil sample of Talkha area was higher than that in the samples of Al-
Kanater Al- Khiria area.
The soil samples content of NH4-N represent the second main form of T-N in
the soils of Al- Kanater Al- Khiria area and was the third main group in the soil
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77
samples of Talkha area. The soil content of NH4-N in the two studied areas was
decreased with the soil depth and the distance of the factories increase.
Nitrate (NO3-N) content in the two studied areas was increased with the
increase of soil depth, where the high content was found at soil depth of 30-60
cm. Also, this content at different soil depth was decreased with distance increase
of the factories. Regarding the soil content of NO3-N as a percent of T-N may be
noted that NO3-N represent the third main group of T-N in the soil samples of Al-
Kanater Al- Khiria area and represent the second main group in the soil samples
of Talkha area.
Concerning the soil samples in the two studied areas content of NO2-N may
be noted that this content was very low where its represent the fourth main group
of T-N in the two studied area. The soils content of NO2-N was increased with
soils depth increase up to 30-60 cm soil depth, but its decreased with the increase
of the distance of the factory.
In the two studied areas, the soil samples content of organic nitrogen (O-N)
represent the first main group of T-N, where it represent more than 80% of them.
The studied soils content of O-N was decreased with the increase of both soil
depth and the distance of the factories.
c- Relationships between soil properties and its content of different
nitrogen forms
The obtained values of correlation coefficient ”r” between some soil
properties and the content of different N-forms varied widely depending on soil
property and N-form. Except soil pH and its content of CaCO3, other soil
properties appeared positive correlation with the soil content of most nitrogen
forms under study where there are variations among the values of the correlation
coefficients. The obtained values of soil content of NO3-N using prediction
equations (P NO3-N) and its percent of determined values of NO3-N (D NO3-N)
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78
varied widely depending on the used soil properties, where the best percent was
found in the equations used most soil properties.
d- Nitrogen forms and other properties of both irrigation and drainage
water
The samples of both irrigation and drainage water in the two studied areas
are characterized by low EC (dSm-1) values and it was more in the soil of Talkha
area. The same samples have neutral pH values and trended to alkaline side in the
samples of Talkha areas. These samples content of NO3-N was higher than that of
NH4-N. The content of both NH4-N and NO3-N in the water samples of Talkha
areas at the same distance of the factory was higher than that found in the samples
of Al- Kanater Al- Khiria area.
e- Plant content of nitrogen
Nitrogen content either of NO3 or NH4 in both shoots and roots of the
tested plant samples was decreased with the distance increase of the factories with
the same plant type. This content in plant shoots was higher than that found in the
plant roots.
f- Dehydrogenase activity.
In all studied soil profiles, soil dehydrogenase activity was higher in the
surface layers compared with deeper layers. DHA was ranged from 92 to 390 and
from 51 to 380 μg g-1 soil of Al- Kanater Al- Khiria, (Arab dairy) and Talkha
(fertilizer factories), respectively. Also the DHA was decreased with the distance
increase of the factories. There is a positive correlation between DHA and the
chemical composition of outlet products of dairy factory, but outlet products of
Talkha fertilizer factory resulted in a decreased of DHA.
According to the obtained data in this study may be concluded that,
1- The wastes of various industrial activities containing some hazard products.
So, such these products must be treated before dumping into the soil and water.
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79
2- The products of the industrial activities must be analyzed.
3- The environment effects of industrial activities wastes must be evaluated
according to environment protection law.
4- Designed program to prevent soil pollution.
5- Contentions evaluate to pollution status and development.
6- Account the needs of the crop of nitrogenous fertilizers.
7- Rationalization of the use of mineral fertilizers and raise its efficiency of use in
agriculture.
8- The use of good agricultural practices
9- Management of irrigation water and agricultural drainage
10- Non-wasteful use as agricultural fertilizers
11- Not cultivate eny food crops specially that eating fresh in the polluted soil.
Maximum level of nitrate NO3-N in ground and irrigation water (mg/l).
Type Concentration mg/l Reference
Ground water 50 .00 WHO(2004a)
Irrigation water >30
UNESCO - Hackney Guide
(1976) Adapted from
University of California -
Committee of Consultants
(1974).
Egypt – Law 48of 1982.
industry and drainage water
and Waste 45 - 50
Soil and water quality
standards Environmental
Assessment study- November
(1998).
In our study, the obtained data showed that NO3-N in both irrigation and drainage
water may be noticed that this levels of ranged from 20.50 to 55.30 mg/l and
from 31.10 to 56.00 mg/l in irrigation water and from 30.30 to 62.30 mg/l and
from 55.30 to 130.20 mg/l in drainage water both Al- Kanater Al- Khiria, Arab
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dairy (Panda) and Talkha fertilizer factories, respectively. Generally, Toxicity in
Talkha Higher than in Al Kanater Al Khiria.
Maximum level of nitrate NO3-N in same vegetables (mg/kg).
Concentration mg/l Reference
In China, a suggested maximum level of
nitrate in vegetables of 3100 mg/kg has
been Established.
Santamaria – (2005) in china
In fact, high nitrate concentrations in
vegetables is a worldwide problem.Very
high concentration (over 5 000 mg/kg) of
nitrate in vegetables especially leafy.
Centre for Food Safety Food
and Environmental Hygiene
Department (2010).
> 325 Shen (1982)
In our study, the obtained data showed that for NO3-N in both shoots and roots of
plants cultivated in the two studied areas reach to such toxic levels, where the
found. General ranged from 5800 to 11.800 mg/kg in shoots and from 4800 to
11100 mg/kg in roots and from 3200 to 15100 mg/kg in shoots and from 5300 to
11500 mg/kg in roots in both Al- Kanater Al- Khiria, Arab dairy (Panda) and
Talkha fertilizer factories, respectively. Generally, the content of either of NO3-N
or NH4-N in Talkha was higher than that in Al Kanater Al Khiria