الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dermatophyte infection considers a one of the most important fungal skin affection which infect human and animals. Although this infection is not fatal, it has a great effect on the productive capability of the animals and so on the economy, together with its zoonotic transmission. So this work was done to identify dermatophyte species which infect cattle and horses. This work included: Firstly, hairs and skin scraping were collected from horses (55 samples) and cattle (52 samples). To isolate and identify the causative dermatophyte species, these samples were subjected to direct microscopic examination, cultivation on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, microscopical examination of colonies by using lactophenol cotton blue stain, followed by some biochemical and hair perforation test. Mycological examination of samples collected from 55 horses revealed isolation of 29 (52.73%) dermatophytes species. They identified as 8 species, including T. equinum var autotrophicum (48.28%), T. equinum var equinum (3.45%), M.canis (10.71%), T.verrucosum (10.71%), M.audouinii (6.90%), T.soudanense (6.90%), T.yaoundei
(3.45%), M.distortum (3.45%) and T.schoenleinii (6.90%).
While in cattle, there was 32 (63.46%) positive culture out of 52 samples, from which 37 isolates were identified. The identification revealed isolation of 8 species including T.verrucosum (59.38%), T.mentagrophytes granular type (21.88%), T.mentagrophytes downy type (3.13%), M.ferrugineum (6.25%), T.tonsurans (6.25%), T.schoenleinii (6.25%), T.rubrum (3.13%), and T.terrestre (9.38%).
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Summary
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Secondly, the sensitivity of PCR to differentiate between the isolated species was done by using a primer pair specific to chitin synthase 1 gene and non-specific simple repetitive oligonucleotide (GACA)4. The results showed that the usage of the second primer was able to differentiate between the isolated species.
The third part of this work included evaluation of the antifungal activity of bacteriocins extracted from lactic acid bacteria against dermatophyte species, trying to find natural alternatives to conventional drug therapy. This evaluation was done by using agar well diffusion methods. The result revealed presence of fungistatic effect on the tested dermatophytes species (T.mentagrophytes granular type, T.tonsurans and T. equinum). Also the concentration of bacteriocin was determined and it was found that the concentration of bacteriocins extracted from Lactobacillus acidophilus was higher than those of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp.