الفهرس 
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Abstract
Sodium metabisulphite is antimicrobial and antioxidant agent that used as preservatives in many food preparations. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicological effect of SMB on growth performance, organs relative weight, hematological parameters, serum biochemical studies, spermogram studies, genotoxic effect and histopathological changes.
Sixty male albino rats were used in present study. These rats were divided in to 3 groups (20 rats in each group) as follow:
First group: considered as control
Second group: was administered 1/20 LD50 of SMB
Third group: was administered 1/10 LD50 of SMB
The experiment was continued for 2 months, during which rats in all groups were observed daily and clinical signs were recorded. Body weight was evaluated weekly. Collection blood samples were performed at 1st &2nd month. Blood samples were divided into:- blood for hematological studies collected at heparinized tubes and serum for biochemical analysis. Bone marrow collected at 1st & 2nd month for determination of genotoxic effect. Testis and tail of epidydimes were collected for spermogram studies. Histopathological studies were done on liver, kidneys, spleen, testis, lung and heart.
Hematological examination included Red blood cells count, Packed cell volume, Hemoglobin concentration, Red blood cell indices( MCV, MCH and MCHC)and total and differential leucocytic count, while serum biochemical parameters included total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, uric acid, creatnine, alanine aminotransferase, asperatate amino transferase, total nucleic acid and minerals include ( calcium, phosphorous and potassium). Spermogram studies include testis weight, tail of epididymis weight; sperm cell count and sperm abnormalities. Specimens from liver, heart, kidneys, testis, lung and spleen for histopathological examination.
The results obtained in this study could summarize as follows:
The rat treated with SMB suffered from diarrhea, while there were no clinical signs showed in control group throughout the experimental period.
Post mortem changes revealed congestion in different body organs included lung, testis that was observed in treated groups at 2nd month of the experiment.
The initial body weight of rat in different groups showed no statistical difference while final body weight and weight gain of rats in treated groups showed significant decrease compared to control group.
The significant decrease in RBCs, Hb and PCV and significant increase on MCV revealed hemolytic anemia that induced in treated groups at 1st & 2nd month of the experiment.
WBCs were non significant increase at 1st & 2nd month of experiment on treated groups if compared with control group; Band cell (Immature neutrophile), Lymphocyte and Eisnophilie were non significant increase at 1st & 2nd month of experiment on treated groups if compared with control group; segmented cell (Mature neutrophile) was non significant increase at 1st month and significant increase at 2nd month of experiment in treated groups if compared with control group. Monocyte was no statistical difference in between second and third group however there were non significant decrease if compared with control group. These results were more clear on group received high dose (1/10 LD50) of SMB.
Regarding to total protein, albumine, and globulin revealed signifinacnt decrease at 1st& 2nd month of experiment in treated groups if compared with control group. These results were more clear at group receive large dose of SMB (1/10 LD50) if compared with control group.
Regarding to calcium level was non significant decrease at 1st month, while at 2nd month was significant decrease in treated groups if compared with control group; phosphorous level was significant decrease at 1st month, while at 2nd month was non significant decrease in treated groups if compared with control group and potassium level was non significant increase at 1st month, while at 2nd month was significant increase in treated groups if compared with control group. These results were more clear at group received large dose of SMB (1/10 LD50) if compared with control group.
Concerning to ALT AST, AP, Urea, Uric acid, and creatnine were significant increase on their level on serum of rats in treated groups in compared with control group.
Concerning to total nucleic acid revealed significant decrease at 1st & 2nd month of experiment on treated groups if compared with control group. These results were more clear at group received large dose of SMB (1/10 LD50) if compared with control group.
On spermogram studies the effect of SMB on Testis and Epididymis weight and the sperm number were significant decrease in treated groups by SMB if compared with control group, while the abnormalities percent were significant increase in treated groups by SMB if compared with control group. These results were pronounced at group received large dose of SMB (1/10 LD50) if compared with control group.
At 1st month there was significant increase on structural aberrations ( acentromeric, dicentric, break, fragment, deletion, sticky and ring) and numerical aberrations ( hyperploids and polyploidy) in treated groups if compared with control group, while at 2nd moth there was more significant increase in structural and numerical aberrations in treated groups if compared with control group. These results were more pronounced at group received large dose of SMB (1/10 LD50) if compared with control group.
The histopathological examination of liver in rats in all groups revealed diffuse hepatic degenerative changes in the form of vascular, hydropic and fatty degeneration at early stage of examination. These changes were more sever in rats with high dose of SMB. At the end of experiments inflammatory cellular infiltration, diffuse fatty degeneration, hepatic cell disarrangement with bile hyperplasia was seen. The examined spleen of rats showed lymphoid depletion which increased in its severity with time. In addition to splenic hemosiderosis was recorded. Focal areas of hemorrhages and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Renal tubular nephrosis seen in examined kidneys of rats. These changes were sever at the end of experiment. Particularly in rats given high dose of SMB. Heart showed congestion of the myocardial blood vessels and intermuscular capillaries. Testicular degeneration was found in the testis of examined rats mostly at the late stages of experiment. The examined lung showed multiple lymphocytic cellular infiltration and emphysema with desquamation of the bronical lining epithelium.