الفهرس 
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Abstract
The definitions of ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder are based on mal- adaptively high levels of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. They are all based on observations about how children behave: ‘impulsivity’ signifies premature and thoughtless actions; ‘hyperactivity’ a restless and shifting excess of movement; and ‘inattention’ is disorganized style preventing sustained effort. All are shown by individual children to different extents, and are influenced by context as well as by the constitution of the person.
Estimates of the incidence of ADHD vary considerably, ranging 2% to 16%, depending on the diagnostic criteria and assessment tools employed. Using the criteria specified by DSM-IV-TR, approximately 3% to 7% of school-age children meet requirements for some type of ADHD diagnosis.
Also, it is well documented that the mothers of children with ADHD experience elevated levels of stress in their parenting roles compared with the mothers of normal children. This elevation in parenting stress begins early and appears chronic in nature.
Parenting stress is generally assumed to arise from characteristics of the parent, the child, and the environment and interactions among these factors.