الفهرس 
1. INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fats play the most important part of your daily diet.over the past twenty years, there has been an explosion of research on the significance
of fats in health and disease.there is considerable evidence which links
fats with many of the most common forms of degenerative diseases.The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of
dietary fats on lipid profile and atherosclerosis factor on the male human
health using of White experiment animals in kind (Sprague dawley).
Studied Groups:
A. Control Group:
Group (1): (Control negative): Fed on basal diet (casein diet).
B. fat Sample Groups:
Group (2): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5% national egg yolk.
Group (3): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5 % egg yolk farms.
Group (4): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5 % chicken fat.
Group (5): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5% Habbard chicken fat.
Group (6): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5%milk fat.
Group (7): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5%fat buffalo meat.
Group (8): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5% duck fat.
Biological evaluation of the different diets was carried out by
determination of body weight gain % (BWG %) and food efficiency ratio (FER). where there was consensus between the consumption of food and
increase body weight gain in rate significantly, especially in groups
containing high concentrations.
The end of experimental, Animals were sacrificed and blood
samples. At the end of experiment (4 weeks), the blood samples were
collected after 12 hours fasting and serum was separated for
determination of:
Lipid profile cholesterol, tri-glycerides (T.G), high density
lipoprotein (H.D.L-c), low density lipoprotein (L.D.L-c), very low
density lipoprotein (V.L.D.L-c), atherogenic index, urea, creatinin,
glutamic oxaloacetic transaminas (G.O.T), glutamic pyruvic transaminas
(G.P.T), alkaline phosphatase (A.L.P) and glucose.
At the same time, the organs: (Heart, Liver, Eye, Brain, Spleen and
Kidney) were removed, washed in saline solution, dried by filter paper,
weighted and stored frozen in formalin solution 10% for histopathological
examinations .
Statistical analyses were performed by Lenovo 3000N500; under
Windows Microsoft Office 2010 by using Microsoft excel 2010. All
obtained results were tabulated and suitable recommendation was given.
Biochemical analysis was carried out on blood and out on blood
and blood serum to determine CBC, serum glucose, Liver function
indices, kidney function indices, and serum lipids.
The organs (Brain, Heart, liver, kidney and spleen) were removed
and washed in saline solution, weighted and kept in formalin solution
(10% Specimens from (Brain, Heart, liver, kidney and spleen) were
subjected to histopathological examinations.
EFFECT OF DIETARY FATS ON BIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS (SERUM GLUCOSE, SERUM LIPIDS,
LIVER FUNCTION INDICES, KIDNEY FUNCTION
INDICES, CBC, E.S.R AND ATHEROGENIC INDEX).
Serum glucose.
For F.S. glucose, control group showed the lowest value, but the
highest value was showed duck fat 5% group after 4weeks.
Serum Lipids
Results was clear that F.S.VLDL-c, the highest was for chicken fat
5%group, where as the lowest value duck fat 5% group after 4 weeks.
F.S.LDL-c, milk fat 5% group was the highest value, but the lowest
value chicken fat 5% group after 4 weeks.
As F.S.HDL-c, was the highest value for negative control while the
lowest value was egg yolk farms 5%group after 4weeks.
For F.S. Cholesterol, national egg yolk 5% group was the highest
value, while fat buffalo meat 5% group was the lower value after
4weeks
Regarding For F.S. Triglyceride, Data revealed that the highest value
was for group chicken fat 5%, while duck fat 5% group was the lowest
value after 4 weeks.
Liver Function
For S.GPT, group 15% the highest value national egg yolk 5%group,
but the lowest value milk fat 5% group after 4weeks As for S.GOT the national egg yolk 5% group was the highest value,
but the lowest value duck fat 5% group and milk fat 5% group after 4
weeks.
For .F.Serum alkaline phosphates (ALK) chicken fat 5% group
showed the lowest value, but the highest value was showed duck fat
5% group after 4weeks.
Kidney Function Indices
Data clear that S. Creatinine, the highest value was for Habbard
chichen fat 5% group, but the lowest value was for egg yolk farms 5%
group after 4weeks.
Regarding S. Urea, the highest value was for fat buffalo meat 5%
group, but the lowest value was for duck fat 5% group after 4weeks.
Complete blood count (CBC)
Hemoglobin.Data illustrated the highest value was for negative
control, but the lowest value was for chicken fat 5% group after 4
weeks.
Red cell count. Data illustrated the highest value was for negative
control, but the lowest value was for chicken fat 5% group after 4
weeks.
Plateletscnt. Data illustrated the highest value was for fat buffalo meat
5% group, but the lowest value was for negative control after 4 weeks
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (E.S.R)
E.S.R first hour. Data illustrated the highest value was for chicken fat
5% group, but the lowest value was for duck fat 5% group and
national egg yolk 5% after 4 weeks
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174
E.S.R second hour. Data illustrated the highest value was for chicken
fat 5% group, but the lowest value was for duck fat 5% group and
milk fat 5% group after 4 weeks
Atherognic index
Atherognic index. Data illustrated the highest value was for chicken
fat 5%group, but the lowest value was for milk fat 5%group after
4weeks.
EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT ON LIPID PROFILE AND
ATHEROSTLEROSIS FACTORS ON RATS ON
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF HEART, BRAN,
KIDNEY, LIVER, SPLEEN AND EYE
1 - Heart
Examination the heart of rat the control group showed normal
cardiac myocytes. Heart of rat from national egg yolk 5%, egg yolk farms
5%, habbard chicken fat 5%, fat buffalo meat 5% and duck fat 5% no
histopathological changes.Except heart of rat from chicken fat 5%
and milk fat 5% showed intermusculer edema% and showed no
histopathological changes 50 percent have histopathologic changes,
whenever, others 50 percent was healthy.
2 - Brain
Brain of rat the control group showing no histopathological
changes. Howe ever Brain of rat from national egg yolk 5% group
showing pyknosis of some neurons. Brain of rat from egg yolk farms 5%
group showing focal gliosis. Brain of rat from chicken fat 5% group
showing pyknosis and necrosis of neurons and showing nerosis of
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175
neurons. Brain of rat from Habbard chicken fat 5% and milk fat 5% group
showing focal gliosis and showing necrosis of neurons. Brain of rat from
fat buffalo meat 5% group showing pyknosis of neurons and showing
pyknosis of some neurons. Brain of rat from duck fat 5% group showing
focal haamorrhage and showing necrosis of some neurons.
3 - Kidney
Histopathologically, kidney of rat from control group showed the
normal structure of renal parenchyma. Also kidney of rat from national
egg yolk 5% group showed apparent normal renal parreuchyma. Kidney
of rat from egg yolk farms 5% group showed vacuolations of epithelial
lining renal tubules and endothelial lining glomerular and showed no
histopathological change 50 percent have histopathologic changes,
whenever, others 50 percent was heathy. Kidney of rat from chicken fat
5% group showed protein cast in the lumen of renal tubules (photo 28)
and showed no histopathological changes 50 percent have histopathologic
changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy . Kidney of rat from
habbard chicken fat 5% group showed no histopathological changes and
showed vacuolations of epithelial lining renal tubules 50 percent have
histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy. Kidney
of rat from milk fat 5% group and fat buffalo meat 5% group showed no
histopathological changes. Kidney of rat from duck fat 5% group showed
no histopathological changes, showed vacuolations of epithelial lining
renal tubules and showed perivasculitis .
4 - Liver
Microscopally, liver of rat from negative control group showed the
normal histological structure of hepatic lobule. Howe ever, liver of rat
from national egg yolk 5% group showed congestion of hepatic sinusoids
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176
and necrosis of hepatocytes and showed congestion of central vein and
hepatic sinusoids as well as cytoplasmic vacuolization of. Liver of rat egg
yolk farms 5% groups, Habbard chicken fat 5% group and fat buffalo
meat 5% group showed kupffer cells activation. Liver of rat from chicken
fat 5% group showed fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Liver of rat from
milk fat 5% group showed fatty degeneration of hepatocytes and showed
congestion of control vein and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes.Liver of
rat from duck fat 5% group showed cytoplasmic vacuolization of
hepatocytes and showed no histopathological changes 50 percent have
histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy .
5 - Spleen
Spleen of rat from negative control group showed no
histopathological changes. However spleen of rat from national egg yolk
5% group and duck fat 5% group showed lymphocytic necrosis and
depletion. Spleen of rat from egg yolk farms 5% group, chicken fat 5%
group, milk fat 5% group and fat buffalo meat 5% group showed no
histopatological changes. Spleen of rat from habbard chicken fat 5%
group showed slight lymphocytic necrosis and depletion, lymphocytic
necrosis and depletion and showed no histopathological changes.
6 - Eye
6.1 - Retina
Retina of rat from negative control group showed no
histophatholgical changes. Retina of rat from national egg yolk 5% group,
egg yolk farms 5% group, chicken fat 5% group and duck fat 5% group
showed no histopathological changes. However retina of rat from
Habbard chicken fat 5% group, milk fat 5% group and fat buffalo meat
5% group showed mild retinal degeneration.
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6.2 - Cornea
Cornea of rat from negative control group showed no
histopathological changes. Corner of rat from national egg yolk 5% group
showed haemorrhage in lamina propria and showed thickening of
stratified squamous epithelium and hyalinosis in lamina propria. Cornea
of rat from egg yolk farms 5% group, chicken fat 5% group, fat buffalo
meat 5% group and duck fat 5% group showed no histopathological
changes. Cornea of rat from habbard chicken fat 5% group showed no
histopathological changes and showed oedema and leucocytic cells
infiltration in lamina proprioa 50 percent have histopathologic changes,
whenever, others 50 percent was heathy. Cornea of rat from milk fat 5%
group showed oedema in lamina propria and showed no histopathological
changes 50 percent have histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50
percent was heathy.