الفهرس 
Chronic Liver Disease in ChildrenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 165 |  |  |
| | | from | 165 | | |
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis is chronic inflammation in the liver continuously for at least six months. It may be caused commonly by persistent viral infections (HBV, HCV and HDV), metabolic liver diseases, drugs, autoimmune hepatitis or unknown factors. Pathoanatomic changes in cirrhosis result in impaired ventricular filling and diastolic dysfunction and were named as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy that may be accompanied by subclinical ventricular dysfunction, detectable by TDE and related to the severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Tissue Doppler echocardiography has become an established component of the diagnostic ultrasound examination; it permits an assessment of myocardial motion using Doppler ultrasound imaging, often with color coding. The technique uses frequency shifts of ultrasound waves to calculate myocardial velocity; this is similar to routine Doppler ultrasound to assess intracardiac blood flow, but its technological features focus on lower velocity frequency shifts.