الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present study a total of 100 clinical samples were collected from patients who were suffering from different troubles (Urinary tract infection, ear infection, eye infection, bed sores, abscess, wounds and other clinical specimens like stool, blood and sputum) under going clinical manifestation at Zagazig University hospitals. So the highest percentage of clinical samples are found in urine (20%) followed by blood and abscess (18%), wounds (17%), ear (10%), eye (6%), bed sores and stool (4%) and sputum (3%). These samples have been collected from different ages of males and females ranged 1-64 years of males and 1-75 years of females. These samples were immediately cultured on nutrient agar, CLED agar, MacConkey’s agar and blood agar. The isolates were characterized via microscopic examination, classified and identified to the species level according to laboratory manuals and determinative keys of bacteriology.
The results demonstrated that the most frequent isolated species from patients were Staphylococcus aureus (41%) followed by E. coli (21%), Klebsiella pneomoniae (12%), Pseudomonase aeruginosa (12%), Proteus vulgaris (7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (3%).
Regarding the resistance of organisms to antimicrobial agents, the results showed that the antibiotic norfloxacin is more effective against isolated pathogenic bacterial organisms, which the percentage of sensitive organism reach to 59.0% followed by chloramphenicol 42.0%, amikacin 40.0%, ampicillin 12.0%, tobramycin 10.0%, erythromycin 9.0% , cefoperazone and penicillin 0.0%.
In the present study, the results demonstrated that Cinnamon, clove and fennel were the most effective plant extracts against selected pathogens (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus saprophyticus). However in three cases (cold water, boiling water and alcohol extract).
The obtained results demonstrated that the essential oils of peppermint and spearmint were the most effective against selected pathogens (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and P. vulgaris). However the essential oils of chamomile hasn’t any antagonistic effect and clove were the lowest effective.
Different concentration of alcoholic extracts of propolis against bacterial isolates was prepared (100, 75, 50, and 25%), where the highest concentration (100%) give the highest inhibition zones with all tested bacteria, followed by the concentration (75%), while incase the concentration (50%) it is moderate, affected only on some tested bacteria, but incase (25%) it hasn’t any effect. from that the antibacterial activities of alcoholic extracts of propolis increased with increasing the concentration.
Combination between norfloxacin and clove showed synergistic effect against most clinical bacterial isolates. On the other hand the combination between ampicillin and clove showed antagonistic effect against most clinical bacterial isolates.
Protein analysis for bacterial isolates showed that there is difference in protein bands (there are many protein bands induced and other disappeared) between treated bacteria with effective materials (MIC of clove extract and bee gum with MIC of norfloxacin antibiotic) and none treated bacteria (control).