الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF THE HIP JOINTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The pelvis is a ball and socket type joint that provide many degrees of freedom and resultant mobility thus give a multitude of well recognized disorders related to either defect in that ball and socket mechanism.
Classically two types of FAI described, Cam and Pincer. The Cam impingement is called for femoral head change in its normal shape either asphericity or flattening that results in abutment of the head with rim of the acetabulum while the pincer type is called for the acetabular problems in form over coverage of the femoral head , retroversion of the acetabulum , but most of the cases are mixture of both types.
Diagnosis of these cases should follow good history taking of the current illness , duration of the problem, and giving special care to pain with good identification to location of the pain , what increase and what subsides it that gave good idea about the correlation with other symptoms that may appear ,past history of previous hip anomalies or surgeries should be outline in line with examination.
Physical examination should be served with careful inspection , palpation and measurement of the range of motion. All these measures should be assured by special testing maneuvers.
The clinical diagnosis is always confirmed by means of radiological measures as plain x-ray serves well in explaining the nature of the condition by means of special positions that confirms the diagnosis, CT scan is also used for confirming diagnosis but its used less than plain X-ray and MR but it gives good Idea about the bony pelvis that helped by MRI which give an idea about the labrum and surrounding soft tissue.
Managing of these cases should exhaust all measures before decision of surgical intervention as physical therapy and NSAIDS with good life style modulation may give promising results.
Surgical intervention should obey the rule of accurate diagnosis of the pathology which may be helped by means of hip arthroscopy that developed these days, that many cases of hip impingement may be treated by both means together then good rehabilitation and modification of life style will help the patient to regain his life mode again.
Surgical treatment of FAI has shown consistent positive outcomes with all 3 approaches. The heterogeneous use of different outcome scores makes direct comparisons difficult. However, the arthroscopic method showed the greatest short-term improvement in mHHS and the lowest rate of complications. It is likely that all 3 approaches may have valuable roles in the treatment of FAI. An understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each, as well as knowledge of each approach, will enable the surgeon to select the most appropriate approach for any given surgery.
Studies directly comparing the approaches, as well as longer-term followup, will be necessary to more clearly elucidate the respective roles of these 3 surgical approaches.