الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work carried out on a study of Arabian mares keeping at Al-Zahra stud .Ain Shams Cairo Egypt. Using 19 fertile non pregnant Arabian mares (14 estrus and 5 diestrus), 45 pregnant Arabian mares (13 at early, 12 at mid, 20 at late stage of gestation), 11 repeat breeder Arabian mares (4 during diestrus and 7 estrus) and 10 anestrus Arabian mares (7 had inactive ovaries and 3 had persistent Corpora Lutea).
External examination and rectal examination for the animal under investigation applied ,also blood samples were collected from all mares apply radioimmunoassay to determine the progesterone concentrations of the different mare groups .
Polyacrelamide gel electrophoresis were applied for all samples to determine genetic markers by examination of the distribution of genotypes and fractionation of blood proteins .
Breeding data for each animal under investigation were obtained including, age, number of parity, number of male parity, number of female parity, interval to foal heat and interval to conception .
Length of the gestation period were examined in different groups under investigation, also length of the gestation periods during different months of the year and the average of gestation periods where the fetus were male or female were recorded.
Fertility index of the Arabian mares under investigation were calculated by Oelikoks equation.
The present results indicated that the interval to foal heat were 7.20 to 13.21 days in fertile non pregnant mares during diestrus and estrus respectively. 13.23, 23.42 and 14.15 days for pregnant mares groups early ,mid and late stages respectively . 14.15 and 6.50 days for repeat breeder
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mares during diestrus and estrus respectively, also 64 and 57 days for anestrus mares suspected to be had inactive ovaries and those suspected to be had persistent corpus lutea respectively.
The length of the gestation period was significantly influenced by month of foaling but not by the sex of the fetus .
The result indicated that the fertility index of non pregnant and pregnant groups by Oelikokos equation were ranged (71.82-81.67)were the infertile mares groups found below this range
The current study indicate that, the average progesterone concentration were 0.47 +0.12 ng/ml for the fertile non pregnant mares during estrus ,5.69 + 0.62 ng/ml for the fertile non pregnant mares during diestrus ,5.11± 0.94ng/m1 for the early pregnant mares ,6.84 + 0.92 ng/ml for the mid pregnant mares ,6.81 +0.88 ng/ml for the pregnant mares ,4.83±0.79 ,0.66±0.02ng/m1 for the repeat breeder mares diestrus and estrus respectively, 0.35+0.07 ng/ml for anestrus mares suspected to be had in active ovaries and 10.22+2.5 ng/ml for anestus mares suspected to be had persistent corpora lutea.
Determination of gene frequencies for the detected genes from the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were done according to Hardi-Veinberg low .This result indicate that, the non pregnant mares during estrus characterized by high frequency of Al’ , PtrR , EsG and GcF genes. the non pregnant mares during diestrus characterized by high frequency of Prs , Al’ , Pals , Fa2A , EsH , ApF and GcF genes . the early pregnant mares characterized by high frequency of PrN and Tr° genes. The mid pregnant mares characterized by high frequency of Prs , Tr° , PtrN , Fa2Aand GcF genes. The late pregnant mares characterized by high frequency of PtrR, Fa2B and EsG genes.The infertile repeat breeder mares during diestrus characterized by high frequency of PrN ,A1F , Pals , TrD ,
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PtrR , EsH and Aps genes. The infertile repeat breeder mares during estrus characterized by high frequency of PrN, PalD , Fa2A, EsH and Aps genes. The infertile anestrus mares may had inactive ovary characterized by high frequency of PrN, Fa2B and EsG genes.The infertile anestrus mares may had persistant CL characterized by high frequency of PrN, Ala, TrD , PtrR and EsH genes.
To found the relationship between different genes under investigation by (r) test the present work indicated that: -
PrN had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Ala ,PalD ,PtrR and GcD, and a negatively to Prs ,A1F , Pals ,PtrN and Gcs .
Prs had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to AlF ,Pals ,PtrN and Gcs, and a negatively to PrN ,Ala ,PalD ,PtrR and all
A1F had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Prs ,Pals and Aps and a negatively to Ala PrN ,PalD and ApF
Ala had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Pr” ,PalD and ApF and a negatively to A1F ,Prs ,Pals and Aps
Pal? had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to PrN and Ala and a negatively to Pals ,Prs and Al’
Pals had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Prs and AlF and a negatively to PalD ,PrN and Ala’
TrD had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to PtrR ,Fa2B and GcD and a negatively to Tr° ,PtrN ,Fa2A and Gcs.
Tr° had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to PtrN ,Fa2A and Gcs and a negatively to TrD , PtrR ,Fa2B and GcD
PtrR had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to PrN ,TrD .,Fa2B , Aps and GcD and a negatively to PtrN ,Prs ,Tr° ,Fa2A , ApF and Gcs
The fertility index by Olikokos equation had a significant p<0.05 correlation positively to Tr° and negatively to TrD
The progesterone concentrations had very highly significant p<0.001 correlation positively to Pals and negatively to PalD .where it
PtrN had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Prs ,Tr° ,Fa2A, ApF and Gcs and a negatively to PtrR ,PrN , TrD ,Fa2B , Aps and GcD
Fa2A had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Tr° ,PtrN ,EsH and Gcs and a negatively to Fa2B ,TrD ,PtrR ,EsG and GcD
Fa2B had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to TrD ,PtrR ,EsG and GcF and a negatively to Fa2A ,Tr° ,PtrN EsH and Gcs.
EsG had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Fa2B and negatively to EsH and Fa2A.
EsH had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to EsG and Fa2B and negatively to EsGand Fa2B.
ApF had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Al’ ,PtrN and Gcs and negatively to Aps ,AIF ,PtrR andGcD.
Gcs had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to PrN ,TrD ,PtrR ,Fa2B and Aps and negatively to GcF ,Prs ,Tr° ,PtrN .Fa2A and ApF
GcF had a very highly significant P<0.001 correlation positively to Prs ,Tr° ,PtrN ,Fa2A and ApF and negatively to Gcs ,PrN ,TrD , PtrR ,Fa2B and Aps
The present result revealed that, the age of Arabian mares under investigation and interval to conception were significantly P<0.05 correlated positively to TrD and negatively to Tr° .The length of gestation periods and the length of gestation period where the fetus were female had a very high significant p<0.001 correlation positively to Tr° and negatively to TrD and had a high significant p<0.01 correlation positively to PtrN and negatively to PtrR ,where the length of gestation periods where the fetus were male had a very highly significant p<0.001 correlation positively to EsG and negatively to EsH.