الفهرس 
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Abstract
Self-organization can be regarded as arising through pre-programmed molecular recognition leading to reproducible systems in biology and materials science. Obvious biological examples are the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins, the DNA double helix and numerous biomaterial structures such as horns and teeth. In synthetically produced materials, porous structures such as zeolites, molecular-based magnetic materials, 1-D chains, 2-D grids and self-assembling arrays of nanoscale clusters are amongst the examples produced using chemical syntheses. The desired architecture was achieved through hydrogen bonding interactions, carboxylic acid groups, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions and so on.
In supramolecular solid state chemistry based on framework constructions the molecular building blocks are held together by strong hydrogen bonds or dative coordination bonds. Important areas for the future application of these materials are: porous materials for catalysis and separation, nonlinear optics, magnetic materials and gas storage materials.
A significant part of supramolecular chemistry, currently referred to as metallo-supramolecular chemistry, is based upon metal-ion-directed self-assembly processes [1, 2]. The metal ions exert a structural role (directing and sustaining the solid-state architecture), and a functional one (carrying magnetic, optical, or redox properties). Aiming at obtaining inorganic-organic hybrid materials with new functions, metallosupramolecular chemistry has an important contribution to the spectacular development of crystal engineering [3-10].
The ultimate goal of crystal engineering is to design solids with technologically useful functionalities (molecular magnetic materials, conducting solids, zeolite-like materials and catalysts, luminescent, non-linear optical, gas storage materials, etc.). Appropriate synthetic routes are available, that can control the dimensionality and the network topology, which are crucial factors in determining the physical and chemical properties of the resulting materials [11-20]. The area of the 3D network structures has grown rapidly and is perhaps best illustrated by the porous compounds prepared by Yaghi et al. termed metal-organic frame works or MOFs [21-27].
The desired network topology can be achieved by choosing the appropriate metal ion (coordination number and geometry, charge, HSAB behaviour) and the suitable designed bridging ligand (denticity, shape, size, HSAB behaviour) [28]. The final architecture can be further influenced by ancillary ligands. In general, materials synthesized in this way through self-assembly methodologies can be considered to have a principal functionality, and in some cases also secondary properties such as porosity. However, such additional secondary properties are often serendipitous, not having been considered in the original synthetic design. For example, the combining of useful magnetic properties, such as data storage, processing, switching, separation or targeting, with a second or more functionality has so far only been reported for a few rather exotic examples [29, 30]. Our aim is to go far beyond this and demonstrate the feasibility of using molecular approaches to producing multifunctional nanostructure materials, i.e. where more than one functionality is built into the system.