الفهرس 
Materials and mithodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study is clarify the anticoccidial efficacy of P. harmala and Cocci-Nel® in comparison with sulphaquinoxaline and also to evaluate the degree of immunity developed as a result of infection with Eimeria strain (E.. ovinoidalis and E. crandallis ) .
30 native breed male lambs aged six to eight weeks with an average weight 13.17 ± 0.20 kg were subjected for this investigation .
Atotal number of 1980 faecal samples were collected daily for (66) days (period of experiment ) from all lambs .
360 sera samples were obtained once aweek for ELISA test .
Samples of small intestine(deudoneumyJejunum and ileum) and large intestine of (6) died lambs were conducted to examintion .
Two weeks after collection of lambs were alloted into six groups according to thier weight .
Group I : (7 lambes) experimentally infected orally with one dose of 20 ml saline containing 100.00 sporulated oocyst of E. ovinoidalis and E.crandallis . P. harmala (12%) was added to ration as follows
Subgroup (A) 3 lambs ; treated at the beging of infection . Subgroup (B) 2 lambs ; treated after appearance of sings . Subgroup (C) 2 lambs ; treated after demonstration of oocyst infaeces .
Group 2 0 (7 lambs) were experimentally infected with the same dose of Eimeria and Cocci -Nel 12% was added to ration as previous group .
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Group 3 : ( 7 lambs) were experimentally infected as previous group and treated with (50 mg /kg b.w) sulphaquinoxaline.
Group 4 : ( 3 lambs) were immunized by daily doses of 50.000 sporulated oocyst for thirteen days .
Group 5 : ( 3 lambs) experimentally infected with one dose of 100.000 sporulated oocysts(untreated group) ,
Group 6 : ( 3 lambs) were kept uninfected and untreated groups (negative control) .
All animals of all groups at 14 th week of age (38 day post frist inoculation) were challenged with 100.000 sporulated oocyst 5 days ( after lambs of experimentally infected groups were stopped sheding of oocyst )
All animals were kept under observation, clinical examination & counting of oocyst out put were conducted .
The obtained results decleared that E. ovinoidalis and E. crandallis were highly pathogenic for lambs where they were excreted high number of oocyst in thier faeces and exhibited typical signs of coccidiosis rather than death severly infested one . Furthermore A.D.G , feed consumption and feed efficacy were lowered in comparison. with other lambs group .
Lambs treated with P. harmala had no clinical signs after treatment . Faecal coccidial oocyst out put was recorded , non significant alteration between P. harmala treated sub groups. Reproductive index (R,1.) was higher in lambs which treated after detection of coccidial faecal oocyst than lambs treated post clinical signs onset and in the same time was lower than that recorded for lambs treated at begining of infection ,There were non significant variation in A.D.G.& feed efficacy among lambs of this group except lambs which treated after detection of faecal oocyst, this index was lowered during the second half of experiment . Furthermore feed back was lower in lambs treated at first day of infection than in other lambs . Also
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results of this experiment illustrated that , immune response of P. harmala group was reacheed at 27 . D.P.I .
Lambs treated with either Cocci- Nel® or Sulphaquinoxaline were achieved • near ly same results, the treated lambs were gave low faecal oocyst output and R.I. this beside clinical care lambs treated at onset of infection , and those treated after appearance of signs were showed significant decrease in feacal oocyst output and R.I. with significant increase in A.D.G.feed efficacy and feed intake in comparison with lambs treated after detection of faecal oocyst . The immune response of lambs in both treated groups was detected but this response was higher in lambs treated after detection of faecal oocyst than in other lambs .
Lambs treated at onset of infection either by P. harmala ,Cocci-Nel° or Sulphaquinoxaline revealed significant lowered faecal oocyst output in Sulphaquinoxaline than that in other groups . While there were non significant changes in R.I., A.D.G. and feed efficacy except in Cocci-Nel® treated lambs , there was significant increase in A.D.G. at the second half of experiment . Both Cocci-Nel® and P. harmala treated groups were achieved higher immune response than in Sulphaquinoxaline treated group lambs .
Lambs immunized with Eimeria apparently clinical normal . There were significant decreased of A.D.G., feed efficacy and feed intake and higher immune response of this group than lambs which recieved specific treatment on first day of infection .
Lambs treated after appearance of signs with either Cocci-Nel® or Sulphaquinoxaline had low faecal oocyst out put and R.I. than in P. harmala treated group . Also A.D.G. and feed efficacy of Cocci-Nel® treated lambs were higher than in either P. harmala or Sulphaquinoxaline treated groups . These results support that Cocci-Nel® had anticoccidial efficacy in treatment of coccidiosis after onset of signs than P. harmala .
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Clinical improvements was observed on using of the above mentioned treatments after detection of faecal oocyst in faeces. Both Cocci-Nel® and Sulphaquinoxaline were reduced faecal oocyst output than in lambs treated by P. harmala . Furthermore lambs treated with Cocci-Nel® after detection of faecal oocyst had non significant increase in A.D.G. and feed efficacy that in lambs treated by Sulphaquinoxaline or P. harmala treatment after detection of faecal oocyst . There was significant variation immune response among these lambs except at. 14 and 21 D.P.I. this response was higher in P. harmala treated group than other groups .
Regarding to bacteriological investigation on the lambs under the experiments , any pathogenic bacteria especially of enterobacteriacea group could be detected on bacteriological examination . These results supported
that, all the above clinical signs appeared on lambs were due to clinical coccidiosis
Mycological examintion revealed penicllium, cladosponium, mucor species and aspergillus were isolated .
Concerning to results post challenge , the lambs immunized by daily dose of Eimeria were showed no clinical signs .
All lambs of either treated after onset of signs or after detection of faecal oocyst were achieved protection percent age higher than in lambs
which treated at onset of infection on experimental challenge of lambs under study .
Moreover positive lambs declared higher A.D.G. than the immunized group . The immune response post challenge had the same behaviour as in prechallenge where there was slight increase at post challenge .