الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tetanus is a fatal infectious disease that affect both human and some animals, it was known that the causative organism is C. tetani which is anaerobic bacteria that produce three types of bacterial exotoxin, tetanospasmin is the most effective which enter in blood circulation first then settle in neuromuscular junction then enter into neuron axon and go by retrograde movement to neuron in spinal cord where toxin reach to Renshaw cell which has negative feedback effect on alpha motor neuron through preventing secretion of GABA and glycine.
Tetanus cause voluntary muscle contraction that at last lead to respiratory failure then death, it was settled that immunoglobulin is the only treatment that affect tetanus toxin that mostly produced in horses and goats through non humane method that need to harvest immunoglobulin is to bled the animal beside this immunisation is not economic because of horse price is expensive and the most important is the anaphylactic shock, serum sickness and complement fixation that lead to patient death. But through using IgY we can avoid these side effects because of phylogenetic distance between birds and mammals and also IgY does not bind to mammalian Fc receptors, at last IgY is a humane method as we harvest it from eggs not from blood.
So through scheduling tetanus toxin inoculations to get hyperimmunization, the titer was 1320 Lf-eq after 72 days and the titration was by two approved methods Ramon flocculation test and single radial immunodiffusion test.
Purification was done through ammonium sulfate precipitation where residue was removed by dialysis in saline; sterilization was by syringe adapted CA filter with 0.22 um pore diameter.
To evaluate IgY MLD of C. tetani should be explored by infecting groups of mice with several dilution of bacterial suspension, the result was 0.2 ml of 1/1000 concentration for 20 gm Swiss mice, so 1 ml of crude concentration is the MLD of donkey 100 Kg body weight.
Through dividing 5 donkeys into three groups (prophylactic group of two donkeys, therapeutic group of two donkeys and positive control one donkey).
In the prophylactic group at day 0 they were injected by 4500 Lf-eq IgY one day before infection and at the same time they were treated by metronidazole 25 mg /Kg body weight TID orally for 7 days.
At day 1 all the animals were infected by 1 MLD C. tetani.
After symptoms start to appear therapeutic group was treated by 30000 Lf-eq of IgY BID for two shoots and 9500 Lf-eq of IgY intrathecally after hypnotize donkeys with chloral hydrate plus metronidazole 25 mg/kg body weight TID rectally for 10 days, diazipam in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight till the end of tremors, fluid therapy and vitamin C, the animal was placed in a cool dark place.
The result was death of positive control donkey, prophylactic group was totally protected and therapeutic group was cured.
Another experiment on mice were done where four groups of mice each of 15 mice 20 gm body weight, the groups were as follows prophylactic and therapeutic groups using IgY and prophylactic and therapeutic groups using IgG all mice were survived.
To detect the separate prophylaxis effect of metronidazole and IgY, another experiment has been performed and it was found that both metronidazole and IgY
capable to protect mice through start giving medication before experimentally infection of the animals.
Thus this trend in tetanus treatment is effective and competitive to IgG