الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
I
nterventional Radiology is a recent branch of medicine in which minimally invasive procedures are performed; many of them have replaced traditional surgery. Many Benefits for the patient and health care system have included as low complication rates, avoidance of surgical risks, and shorter hospitalizations.
Uterine fibroids are the most common pelvic tumors in women. Usually, uterine fibroids are asymptomatic, but they may be associated with a variety of symptoms such as bleeding and chronic pelvic pain.
Traditionally, surgery has been recommended as the primary treatment option for symptomatic fibroids. Today, there is a variety of less alternative available, such as uterine artery embolization and more recently high intensity focused ultrasound ablation.
Chronic pelvic pain is a common gynecological problem with an estimated prevalence of 38 per 1000 in women aged 15-73 years. The prevalence of pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is closely related to the frequency of ovarian varices, which occur in 10% of the general population of women.
For those who fail medical therapy (e.g., analgesics, vasoconstrictors and hormonal therapies), catheter-based embolization therapy of the ovarian and internal iliac veins has been proposed. Studies have shown that 80% of women have pain improvement or relief within 2-3 weeks of their procedure.
The frequency of ovarian cysts detected in asymptomatic female patients has increased in recent years with the use of ultrasonography (US) and other imaging methods for evaluation of the abdomen and pelvis. Among healthy women, 6% are found to have adnexal masses, 90% of which are cystic lesions, mostly simple cysts.
The classic therapy for persistent symptomatic cysts has been surgical excision by means of laparoscopy or open laparotomy. Both of these procedures have the risks associated with anesthesia and the risks of bleeding, bowel perforation, infection, and adhesion formation with possible compromise of fertility. Aspiration of symptomatic cysts that appear benign at US is simple and effective, often alleviating pain rapidly and requiring little if any sedation or analgesia.
The most common cause of female infertility is a blockage of the fallopian tube .The incidence of proximal tubal block (PTB) is believed to be in the range up to 25% of the total number of infertile women with tubal disease. Occasionally, these tubes become plugged or narrowed, preventing successful pregnancy.
Fallopian tube recanalization has become an accepted technique in treating infertile women with tubal obstruction .Techniques vary, but most involve hysterosalpingography followed by selective salpingography. If this treatment fails to open the tube, guide wires or microcatheters are passed into the tube in an attempt to recanalize the occlusion. Pregnancy rates are difficult to determine given the multifactorial causes of infertility but are reported to be in the 30% range.