الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Cynara cardunculus, silymarin, Cynara fractions and the combination of silymarin-Cynara or silymarin- Cynara fractions against the toxicity induced by acetaminophen in male albino rats. Using 176 mature male rats, animals were divided into 22 groups (n= 8).Groups from 1 to 8 were treated orally using metallic stomach tube daily for 4 weeks as follows: Animals of group 1 treated with 1 ml of distilled water and served as control. 2nd group: Animals received Cynara cardunuculus extract (0.25g/ kg b. wt). 3rd group: Animals received fraction 1 of Cynara. 4th group: Animals received orally fraction 2 of Cynara. 5th group: Animals received fraction 3 of Cynara. 6th group: Animals received fraction 4 of Cynara. 7th group: Animals received fraction 5 of Cynara. 8th group Animals received silymarin extract. 9th group: Animals received a single oral dose of acetaminophen (2g/kg. b. wt.) suspended in gum tragacanth (5%), then animals were sacrifieced 48 h after acetaminophen administration. Groups from 10 to 22 were received a single oral dose of acetaminophen and after 48 h the animal co_adminstrated for 4 weeks daily as the following : 10th group: silymarin treated group: 11th group: Cynara treated group. 12th group: fraction 1 of Cynara treated group. 13th group: fraction 2 of Cynara treated group. 14th group: fraction 3 of Cynara treated group. 15th group: fraction 4 of Cynara treated group. 16th group: fraction 5 of Cynara treated group. 17th group: silymarin + Cynara treated group. 18th group: silymarin +fraction 1 of Cynara treated group. 19th group: silymarin +fraction 2 of Cynara cardunculus extract treated group):. 20th group: silymarin +fraction 3 of Cynara treated group. 21th group: silymarin +fraction 4 of Cynara treated group. 22th group: silymarin +fraction 5 of Cynara treated group. The groups treated with Acetaminophen showed elevation in ALP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and depleted tissue GSH and increased the lipid peroxidation upon administration of acetaminophen (2g/kg b.wt.) to rats. The result indicated that the extract of leaves of cynara cardunuculus at (0.25g/ kg b.wt) doses significantly reduced the elevated levels of biochemical markers mentioned above. Test extract treatment also increased the level of tissue GSH and significantly decreased tissue lipid preoxidation. In