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Abstract Systemic and metabolic abnormalities often involve the basal ganglia or thalamus on both sides and careful assessment of brain abnormalities occurring simultaneously outside these structures is important. MR imaging, including T1- and T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and MR spectroscopy, are often helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. However, the diagnosis is not straightforward, and the correlation of typical imaging features with clinical and laboratory data can help make the correct diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging has dramatically improved the ability to visualize the deep grey structures of the basal ganglia, and any process that alters cerebral metabolism can lead to basal ganglia damage. |