الفهرس 
Liver AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Vascular complications have been reported in approximately 9% of patients with liver transplants.
Hepatic artery stenosis and thrombosis are the most common post-transplant vascular complications, and their incidence varies between 6% and 11%
Early diagnosis and intervention may help reduce ischemic damage to the graft, consequent bile duct damage, and progression to hepatic artery thrombosis.
The use of percutaneous trans-luminal angioplasty with or without stent placement to treat hepatic artery stenosis in adult and pediatric liver transplant recipients has been reported.
In hepatic artery thrombosis initial success has followed selective thrombolysis performed after early detection of hepatic artery thrombosis in very young liver transplant recipients. Initial selective percutaneous thrombolysis followed by eventual angioplasty enables the avoidance of surgical revascularization and repeat transplantation.
Portal vein stenosis and thrombosis are relatively rare complications of hepatic transplantation, occurring in 4 - 8% of transplant recipients, most commonly at the anastomosis.
Successful, percutaneous transhepatic venoplasty with or without stent placement eliminates the need for surgical revision, portacaval shunting, or repeat transplantation.
Stenosis of the inferior vena cava is a rare complication of hepatic transplantation and has been reported in 0.8% to 2.8% of transplants.
Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava is a rare postoperative event in transplant recipients.
Percutaneous trans-luminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent placement are important innovations for the treatment of IVC thrombosis.
An increased incidence of hepatic venous outflow obstruction in living donor liver left lobe transplants has been reported, compared with that in right lobe grafts (5.8% vs. 0.8%).
The use of venoplasty and stent placement is likely effective in management of venous outflow obstruction.
In all types of vascular stenosis after liver transplantation, angioplasty is preferred in the pediatric populations & stent insertion is preferred in the adult population.