الفهرس 
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Abstract
Antimicrobial agents constitute a rapidly expanding group of drugs
that are useful for the treatment of various types of infections. Their
increasing use and availability have led to increased reports of overdoses.
Also it is clear that adverse drug reactions are common with these
compounds, being reported with a frequency of 10 - 30 percent. Thus the
physician must make a series of decisions before prescribing specific
antimicrobial.
Therefore this work is concerned with the study of the toxicological
effects of three different antibiotics namely aztreonam, cephradine, and
gentamicin. Also the effects of the drugs were compared to each other.
The experiments were carried out on normal adult albino rats of both
sexes.
Experimental procedures employed had been classified into two
main categories, acute toxicity studies and short term chronic toxicity
studies. The following parameters has been chosen to be studied:
1) The biochemical changes in serum GOT, GPT, Alk. Ph., Blood urea
and Serum Creatinine levels.
2) Histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart.
I) Acute toxicity studies:
Three groups of normal adult albino rats of both sexes with a body
weight range of 120 - 150 grams, each group comprised 30 rats, were used
for studying the acute toxicity of the three drugs. Another group of 10 rats
was used as a control group, and given only, the vehicle (distilled water).
All groups were kept under the same environmental and dietary conditions
The first group received aztreonam, the second) cephradine, while
the third group received gentamicin. The drugs were given via
” ~
intraperitoneal route) at a dose of 6600) 750 and 430 mg/kg body weight
(L.Dso) for aztreonam, cephradine and gentamicin, respectively. The
biochemical and histopathological changes of live animals were studied
after 24 hours from intraperitoneal administration of each antimicrobial
and the results obtained were statistically analyzed for each group.
1) Aztreonam group:
After 24 hours from I.P. administration of aztreonam LDso) fifty
percent of rats were died. organs. Aztreonam induced a significant
mcrease m both hepatic and renal biochemical values. The
histopathological findings in the liver and kidney confrrmed the elevated
biochemical values. Central necrosis) sinusoidal dilatation, hydropic
degeneration and central vein congestion were the characteristic hepatic
lesions. Tubular necrosis) necrotic glomeruli)and interstitial haemorrhage
were the characteristic renal features. Like other B- lactam antibiotics the
hepatic affection was attributed to inhibition of cell wall) while renal
affection is due to phospholipase inhibition. No significant lesions were
observed in the heart.
2) Cephradine group:
Sixteen rats (53.33%) were died after 24 hours from!P.
administration of the drug. Cephradine induced a significant increase in
GOT. GPT) alkaline phosphatase) blood urea and serum creatinine. This
indicated marked hepatic and renal affections which were confrrmed by
the histopathological findings which nearly resemble those induced by
aztreonam. Examination of the heart showed no significant pathological
changes.