الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study was carried out during 2009 and 2010 seasons, on snap bean, (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. Bronco, fine type. Grown at Brnasht village, Giza governorate, Egypt. In -#111;-#114;-#100;-#101;-#114; to investigate the effect of spraying with seaweed extract and compost treatments through two experiments. The first experiment was conducted on physiology Lab., Horticultural Department, Ain Shams University, to study the effect of snap bean seeds soaking in seaweed extract at (0.0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm) each of the soaking treatments was applied for four different periods (0 – 5- 10 – 15 minutes) under optimum temperature (27± 2 ◦C) and low temperature (18± 2 ˚C), as a preliminary experiment to investigate germination test. The experiment was laid out in factorial complete randomized design with four replications. br Results showed that seaweed extract at 500 ppm for 10 minutes stronger induced seed germination with significant difference than the other concentrations and periods. br The second experiment, was carried out on the seeds resulted -#102;-#114;-#111;-#109; of the best concentration in the laboratory experiment (soaking seeds in 500 ppm seaweed extract solution for 10 minutes) as a source for planting in the field. The second experiment was carried out to study the effect of four different mixture compost levels of seaweed and regular plant compost. The seaweed compost was partially replaced instead of the regular plant compost with three levels to be applied as compost treatments on planted beans, so the four examined treatments were:- br • 20 m3 / feddan of regular plant compost was used as control treatment br • Regular plant compost at 19 m3 + 1 m3 seaweed compost / feddan. br • Regular plant compost at 18 m3 + 2 m3 seaweed compost / feddan. br • Regular plant compost at 17 m3 + 3 m3 seaweed compost / feddan br The seaweed compost treatments were combined with four concentrations of seaweed extract (0,0 - 250 - 500 – 750 ppm) as a foliar application for three times (the first before flowering, 15 and 30 days after the first spray) on vegetative growth, flowering characteristics, yield parameters and chemical composition ( minerals and biochemical components that determine quality of snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ). br The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replicates. br The obtained results can be summarized as follows: br 5.1. The First experiment: Effect of seed soaking for different periods as a preliminary experiment to investigate the germination. br 1- The germination percentage under optimum temperature (27 ◦C). The results showed significant effect for all concentrations of seaweed extract over control with no significant differences between seaweed treatments in the two seasons while for the tested periods the best result was obtained with soaking periods for 5 and 10 minutes with insignificant differences at 0 time and the less germination percentage was found at soaking for 15 minutes. br 2- Germination percentage under low temperature (18 ◦C). br There was a significant enhancement for 750 ppm concentration of seaweed extract compared with the control without significant differences between seaweed treatments while; there were no significant difference between 500, 250 ppm and control in the first season also there were no significant differences between periods of soaking while in the second season 500 ppm gave the highest germination percentage with no significant difference between seaweed extract treatments. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the periods of soaking and the best period was 10 minutes with slight differences between 0 time and 15 minutes. br 3- Germination rate (days) under optimum temperature (27 ◦C) and under low temperature (18 ◦C): seeds of control treatments required more days for germination with significant difference when compared with the other concentrates of seaweed extract. The best results in optimum and low temperature were those of soaking in 500 and 750 ppm of seaweed extract concentrations with no significant difference between periods in the two tested temperatures. br 4- Emergence percentage and rate; seedling length and seedling diameter under field conditions. The obtained results exhibited that soaking in 500 or 750 ppm seaweed extract gave higher emergence percentage with significant difference when compared with control and no significant difference was detected between the periods. On the other hand, emergence rate; seedling length and seedling diameter of snap bean were not significantly influenced by soaking in seaweed extract concentrations or periods of soaking. But, the best seedling length and seedling diameter were obtained when soaking in 500 ppm seaweed extract for 5, 10 minutes which gave the best results for both parameters. br 5.2. The second experiment: Effect of seaweed extract foliar application and compost treatments on yield and quality of snap bean. br * Vegetative characteristics: br 1- Vegetative growth responded positively for levels of seaweed compost. However using seaweed compost at 2 or 3 m3 per feddan increased plant length, leaf number, leaf dry weight, stem fresh weight and stem dry weight. Also using 3 m3 per feddan gave the best results concerning leaf area and leaf fresh weight in the two seasons as compared with the other studied levels treatments. br 2- Foliar application of seaweed extract at 750 ppm concentration increased significantly leaf number, leaf area, leaf fresh weight and stem fresh weight as compared with the other studied concentrations and there was no significant difference between 500 and 250 ppm of seaweed extract for these measurements. Also plant length, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight showed no significant differences between treatments, while there was a slight increase for concentration 750 ppm foliar application of seaweed extract in the two tested seasons. br * Fruit setting percentage: br The results showed that there was an increase in fruit set % with increasing seaweed compost levels up to 3 m3 per fed and no significant differences were observed between compost levels. In addition application of seaweed extract as foliar spray increased percentage of fruit set significantly with increasing concentration of seaweed extract. br * Fruit characteristics, (Pod yield and quality). br 1- In general, the pod yield of snap bean responded positively to levels of seaweed compost. Using seaweed compost at 2 or 3 m3 per feddan increased number of pods per plant, estimated pods yield (ton / feddan) and marketable pods yield (ton / feddan). However, using 3 m3 per feddan was the best on total pod yield per plant in the two seasons as compared with the other studied levels treatments. br 2- In the two tested seasons, the obtained data showed that the foliar application of seaweed extract increased significantly number of pods per plant, total pod yield per plant, estimated pods yield (ton / feddan) and marketable pods yield (ton / feddan) as compared with the control treatment. There was no significant difference between concentrations of seaweed extract for these measurements. However, no significance differences were detected for concentration of seaweed extract treatments, while there was a slight increase for 750 ppm of seaweed extract foliar application in the two tested seasons for these measurements. br * Chemical components: br * Mineral components (N, P, K, Mg) br 1- In general, the mineral components in leaves of snap bean responded positively for levels of seaweed compost. Using seaweed compost at 3 m3 per feddan increased percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in leaves. Insignificant differences were detected between 2 m3 seaweed compost and the control, however using 1m3 seaweed compost per feddan gave higher percentage of minerals under study conditions over the control in the two seasons. br 2- The obtained data showed that no significant difference was obtained on nitrogen in the first season. While in the second season significant difference was detected for the treatments as compared to the control. The same results were obtained for percentage of magnesium in the two tested seasons. While percentage of phosphorus and potassium in leaves were affected by the foliar application of seaweed extract and increased significantly by increasing concentration of seaweed extract, as compared with the control treatment. No significant differences were detected for concentrations of seaweed extract. br * Bio chemical components: br 1- In general, biochemical component of snap bean responded positively to the levels of seaweed compost compared with the control. Using seaweed compost at 1, 2 or 3 m3 per feddan increased total soluble protein in pods, free amino acid percentage in leaves and total carbohydrates in leaves without significant difference between treatments. Moreover using seaweed compost 2 or 3 m3 per feddan increased total carbohydrates in pods with significant difference as compared with the other studied levels. However, there was no significant difference for fiber measurements in pods over the control. On the other hand, increasing seaweed compost levels increased chlorophyll reading in leaves with significant difference than the other treatments. br 2- The obtained data showed that the measurements of chlorophyll reading, total soluble protein in pods, free amino acid percentage in leaves and total carbohydrates in leaves were increased significantly by increasing foliar application of seaweed extract concentration, when compared with control. On the other side, there were no significant differences for the fiber percentage and total carbohydrates in pods between the studied levels of treatments. br Conclusions: therefore it may be concluded that vegetative, flowering, reproductive, pod yield characteristics and chemical composition of snap bean responded positively to soaking seeds before planting in 500 ppm at 10 minutes and use 2 m3 seaweed compost combined with foliar application of 750 ppm seaweed extract.