الفهرس 
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Abstract
Ninety Pekin ducks with aged raging between 1 week to 15 months suffering from the symptoms of diarrhea-were collected from different farms at Sharkia Province. These ducks were submitted to bacterial, parasitological and histopathological examinations for the identification of the different types of enteritis.
The parasitological examination of these ducks revealed no parasites in all cases. The bacteriological examination declared the presence of Salmonella typhimurium in 35 ducks (38%), Pasteurella multocida in 19 cases (21%), E. coli in 14 cases (15%). Moreover, mixed infection of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium were detected in 10 cases (11%) and E. coli with Proteous vulgaris infection were detected in 2 cases (2%). Ten cases (11%) of the examined ducks showed no bacterial isolates.
This work revealed dilThrent types of enteritis in ducks which were due to different bacterial isolates. The correlative histopathological changes of the internal organs which were associated with each type of infection were fully described.
Necrotic enteritis was revealed in the major number of examined ducks 29 cases (32%) and the bacterial isolates in these cases were Salmonella typhimurium, Pasteurella mltocida, and mixed infection of E. coli with Salmonella typhimurium, in addition to 3 cases of no bacterial isolates. The histopathological findings of necrotic enteritis were coagulative necrosis of the epithelial cell lining of the villi, disappearance of the mucosal layer of the intestine which were replaced with eosinophilic
material. The intestinal lumenae were filled with necrotic cellular debris. Leukocytic infiltration in the intestinal lamina propria and congestion of its blood vessels were seen. The detectable hepatic lesions were different degenerative changes, focal necrosis, leukocytic infiltration mainly heterophils and lymphocytes. Moreover, the lesions of the spleen revealed depletion of the lymphocytes in their white pulp together with the presence of focal aggregation of heterophils which replaced their red pulp. Hypertrophy of the endothelial cell lining of trabecular blood vessels was also seen.
Catarrhal enteritis in the present work was detected in 26 cases (28%). The bacterial isolates, which were associated with catarrhal enteritis were, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pasteurella multocida and E. coli, together with Proteus vulgaris. Two cases showed no bacterial isolates. The histopathological changes in case of catarrhal enteritis were represented by desquamtion of the epithelial cell lining of the intestinal villi, mucinous degeneration, infiltration of the intestinal lamina propria with leukocytes. Degenerative changes, necrobiosis and leukocytic infiltration were noticed in the examined livers spleens, hearts and lungs.
Haemorrhagic enteritis detected in 19 cases (21%). The bacterial isolates in these cases were Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella typhimurium. One case of haemorrhagic enteritis revealed no bacterial isolates. The histopathological findings in haemorrhagic enteritis were represented by ulceration and erosion of the intestinal villi. Diffuse haemorrhage in the intestinal lamina propria was also noticed. The intestinal lumenae contained free erythrocytes mixed with necrotic cellular debris and inflammatory leukocytes. Degenerative changes, focal coagulative necrosis, leukocytic infiltration mainly heterophils and lymphocytes in addition to vascularitis and presence of recent thrombus, hyalinization of the vascular wall and leukocytic infiltration if the vascular wall were seen in the spleen, liver and heart.
Fibrinous enteritis were observed in 12 cases (13%). The bacterial isolates which were associated with fibrinous enteritis were E. coli, Pasteurella multocida and mixed infection of E. coli and Salmonella typhiinurium. The histopathological changes in case of fibrinous enteritis were represented by the presence of ulceration of the intestinal mucosa together with the presence of heavy infiltration of lymphocytes, heterophils and macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria. Fibrinous materials together with the presence of inflammatory cells were prevalent in the intestinal lumenae. Degenerative changes focal coagulative necrosis, leucocytic infiltration leukocytes mainly heterophils were also seen in their livers spleens hearts and lungs.
Ulcerative enteritis was characterized by sloughing of their intestinal mucosa, infiltration of the submucosa with macrophages eosinophils together with fibroblastic proliferation. Moreover, different degenerative changes were observed in their livers and spleens.