الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Phytic acid (natural organic form of phosphorus) found in plant waste feed materials binds 60% - 80% of the total phosphorus present. Phytate-bound phosphorus is not available to monogastric animals, as they have insufficient intestinal enzymes to digest it effectively. Phytase is an enzyme capable of releasing phytate-bound phosphorus and making it available to monogastric. Benefits of phytase may go beyond the release of phosphorus because of the phytate molecule’s negative charges; it can also bind proteins, making them less digestible to the animal. Phytase supplementation is, therefore, also associated with increased amino acid digestion. Phytase can also have an impact, however, on the form of P excreted and the potential for P loss from the soil. Since 1990, a large number of experiments have been carried out with microbial phytase which have shown improved phytate phosphorus utilization in animal diets. During recent years, an economical alternative for enzyme production and application by solid state fermentation (SSF) has gained much interest. Solid state fermentation has several advantages over submerged fermentation (SmF) such as lower wastewater output, reduced energy requirements, simpler fermentation media, dry solid substrate, easier aeration and reduced microbial contamination. SSF is particularly useful for the production of industrial enzymes.