الفهرس 
GROSS ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 115 |  |  |
| | | from | 115 | | |
Abstract
Renal lesions are among the most common incidental findings on ultrasound or abdominal CT, to determine whether a solid or cystic renal mass is benign or malignant. The mass is initially examined by U.S which is followed by CT in selected cases.
(S.G Silverman, Hartman 2006)
The new modalities of ultrasonography (US) has increased the physician’s ability to detect asymptomatic renal masses. The early detection and characterization of solid renal masses are of great clinical importance for their accurate diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis
Ultrasound Is considered by many authers the Initial imaging modality of choice for evaluation of renal mass,Ultrasonography is reliable in differentiating solid tissue from fluid and can reliably establish the diagnosis of a simple renal cyst .
(Catalano et al., 2003)
The doppler adds very important information to simple US in vascular pattern evaluation of small solid renal lesions and improve the diagnostic accuracy. ( Surabhi VR, Menias C,2008)
US is limited in diagnosis of renal masses if there are Calcification in the wall of a cystic mass and hemorrhagic fluid ,or in Complex masses not fulfilling the criteria of cysts and in detecting small renal masses (<3 cm) which considered indeterminate and require further evaluation, usually by CT.
CT is a”Gold standard” for evaluation of renal masses as it is used to clarify all the hypoechoic masses or complex cysts that do not fulfil the sonographic criteria for a simple cyst and has > 90% sensitivity for identifying small renal cell carcinomas.
(Zagoria RJ, 2000)
With the accuracy of MSCT in detection and characterization of small solid renal masses, over one-third of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are discovered accidently, and the majority of these incidental tumors are stage T1 lesions.
(Leslie et al., 2003)
CT scanning is important radiographic test for delineating the nature of a renal mass. CT, with and without contrast administration, is recommended to take full advantage of the enhancement characteristic of highly vascular renal parenchymal tumors. (Zagoria RJ, 2000)
Multiphase imaging CT in a patient with renal mass can serve one of two broad purposes: characterization of the renal lesion, or staging and detection of metastatic disease.
MSCT is very effective in detecting retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, however it can not differentiate malignant lymphadenopathy from lymph node enlargement due to reactive hyperplasia.
(S.G Silverman, Hartman 2006)
Three-dimensional MSCT displays the tumor and its relationships to the adjacent organs in multiple planes and orientations which are very valuable to increase diagnostic confidence and help to plan surgical resection.
(Israel and Bosniak, 2004)