الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the petroleum industry, several trends are leading to the increase of
hydrogen demand in oil refineries. The petroleum refinery industry aims to
generate profit by converting heavy fraction of oils into valuable products.
Hydrotreating and hydrocrackng are the major consumers of hydrogen in which
a series of reactions convert heavier fractions to valuable products. At the same
time, large amounts of hydrogen are produced as a by-product from catalytic
reformer. Also, hydrogen can be recovered from off-gas of many processes such
as delayed coking and catalytic cracking.
The present study is divided into five main parts.
The first part of this thesis addressed the problem of actual hydrogen
distribution at Medor refinery plant at Alexandria-Egypt in which cascade
analysis and mathematical optimization techniques were applied to minimize the
consumption of hydrogen and the hydrogen discharge.
The second part represents a proposed superstructure - based linear
optimization model for the synthesis of hydrogen network with partitioning
regenerators. Many methodologies based on process integration have been
developed for hydrogen network in the past two decades. Some of these
developed works consider the use of regeneration unit to further reduce fresh
hydrogen intake after direct reuse/recycle potential is exhausted. However,
there are limitations in these works that need to be overcome and has been
addressed in this thesis.
In this thesis, the optimization model proposed that there is one regenerator for
each source (cascade regenerators), and there is no mixing of the regenerated
sources.
An industrial case study and three case studies from the literature are solved to
illustrate the ease and applicability of the proposed method.
In the third part, the inter- plant hydrogen integration model with
selection the optimum purifier is represented. The inter- plant hydrogen
integration is considered as a new technique that can be applied on hydrogen
integration. This technique can be used in reducing the hydrogen consumption
and the hydrogen discharge for different hydrogen networks in eco industrial
plants. The two different schemes, direct and indirect inter- plant hydrogen
integration are discussed. Five case studies were solved to illustrate the
methodology of the models.
In the fourth part, a multi-period approach for design of inter- plant
hydrogen integration is represented to address the effect of changing in the
operating conditions of refinery processes on the IPHI network. Two case
studies are solved for the two schemes direct and indirect IPHI with multiperiod
consideration. The multi-period inter- plant network design can operate
under multiple periods of operation with lower total annualized cost compared
to the hydrogen network designed without multi-period IPHI.
In the final part, as an extension of the work done for inter- plant
hydrogen integration in part three, different models for the selection of the
optimum regenerators for inter- plant water integration are represented. One
case study is solved by these different models to illustrate the difference
between them.