الفهرس 
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Abstract
End stage renal disease and renal dialysis is a major health problem deserving the study and research especially regarding the etiology and the complication. Regarding the etiology, the end stage renal disease has many causes. World wide, the most common causes are hypertension, diabetes mellitus and glomerulonepheritis and less commonly, urological problems. At Beni Suef governorate, the most common cause is urological problems after hypertension.
The most common urological problems at Bani Suef governorate are obstructive uropathy due to infravesical obstruction or ureteric strictures and chronic pyelonephritic changes resulting from repeated operation and recurrent urinary tract infection.
The end stage renal disease and renal dialysis has many complications. Acquired renal cystic disease is one of these complications. The prevalence of cystic changes increases progressively with the duration of dialysis. The rate of occurrence of cystic changes among patients with duration of dialysis within one year was 46%. Cystic changes in patients within 3 years of dialysis were 55%. ARCD was 58 % up to 10 years of dialysis. And was 80 % longer than 10 years of dialysis.
ARCD patients are more liable to develop renal cell carcinoma than nondialysis population. The incidence of RCC increases progressively with duration of dialysis. Screening should be done for high-risk patient who are younger males with long duration of dialysis and patients showing severe cystic changes.