الفهرس 
Normal CT Anatomy of the Urinary TractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Haematuria can be well evaluated with a comprehensive contrast material enhanced multi-slice computed tomography (CT) protocol that combines unenhanced, nephrographic-phase, and excretory-phase imaging.
Intravenous urography, ultrasonography, CT, retrograde ureterography and pyelography, cystoscopy and ureteroscopy can all be used to evaluate patients with haematuria. In the past, a combination of several of these examinations was necessary to fully evaluate these patients. Now, however, this CT protocol may permit evaluation of haematuria patients with a single comprehensive examination, although more experience and data are needed to determine its efficacy in this setting.
Unenhanced images are obtained from the kidneys to the bladder and allow optimal detection of renal calculi, a common cause of haematuria. Renal parenchymal abnormalities particularly masses are best visualized on nephrographic-phase images which also provide excellent evaluation of the other abdominal organs. Thin section delayed images obtained from the kidneys to the bladder demonstrate the urinary tract distended with contrast material and are useful in detecting urothelial disease.