الفهرس 
Review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 124 |  |  |
| | | from | 124 | | |
Abstract
The present study was carried out in Department of Animal
Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Veterinary Division, National
Research Center, Cairo and department of physiology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Sadate branch Menofia University. It was
conducted during the period from August 2006 till January 2010.
Ovaries collection: Camel ovaries were collected at El-Bassatein
slaughter house during the breeding season (December, 2006 to April)
and the non-breeding season (June to October 2010). The ovaries were
placed into a thermos containing Normal Saline Solution (NSS, 0.9%
NaCl) at 30 ºC and transported to the laboratory within 2-3 hrs. The aim
of the present work was planned to Clarify oocytes yield and recovery
rate from camel ovaries, Study the effect of reproduction season on
dromedary camel’s ovarian yield. Study the effect of season on
dromedary camel’s oocytes quality, Clarify the effect of culture media
“TCM-199 or mSOF, CR1 and DMEM” on in vitro maturation of camel
oocytes, Investigate the proper time for maturation of camel (Camelus
dromedaries) oocytes, Estimate the ATP content in both mature and
immature camel oocytes, Determine the Ca++ content in both mature and
immature camel oocytes, Measure the glutathione content in both mature
and immature camel oocytes and to study the mitochondrial distribution
in both mature and immature camel oocytes. Upon studying the effect of
season, the obtained results revealed that there is a significant increase (p≤
0.5) in the average no follicle / ovary during the breeding season
(3.3±0.21) than non breading season, the results showing that there is a
significant increase( p≤ 0.5) in the excellent quality oocytes collected
during breeding season than those collected during non-breeding, Upon studying the effect of maturation media on the cytoplasmic expansion of
camel COCs in four different maturation media TCM-199, mSOF,
DMEM and CR1, The obtained results showed that there was a
significant increase in the fully expanded COCs (G3) (P≤0.05) in DMEM
with mean of 172.00 ± 3.22 compared to TCM-199, mSOF, CR1 groups,
with means of 103.56 ± 4.45, 150.00±6.32, 65.86±3.17 respectively there
was a significant increase at (P≤0.05) in the grade II (G2) of cytoplasmic
expansion in TCM-199 group compared with mean of 89.00±4.98 to
mSOF, CR1 , DMEM group with means of 28.48±2.66, 48.00±4.04,
30.96±1.73, respectively. Nuclear maturation of camel oocytes in the
same four media (TCM-199, mSOF, DMEM and CR1) showed that there
was a significant decrease at (P≤0.05) in the immature oocytes
(GV+GVBD) in the group using CR1 media compared to the other
groups (TCM-199, mSOF and DMEM). While the number of matured
oocytes at anaphase, telophase and MII stages was significantly higher at
(P≤0.05) in the DMEM group compared to the other maturation media
(TCM, mSOF and CR1) groups. The number of degenerated oocytes was
significantly lower at (P≤0.05) in DMEM media group compared to the
other media (TCM, mSOF and CR1).
Effect of time in maturation of camel oocytes was also studied using only
two media TCM199 and DMEM .The obtained result include three
categories immature oocytes, mature oocytes and degenerated oocytes.
On TCM199 (P≤0.05) there was a significant increase in the mature
oocytes (MII) at 36h with mean of 63.3±1.20 compared to 24h and 48h
with means of 23.3±0.33, 21.00±0.57, respectively The degenerated
oocytes at (P≤0.05) were significantly increased at 48h with mean of
90.0±0.58 compared to 24h and 36h with means of 30.0±1.54, and
23.3±0.88 respectively. Using DMEM recorded a significant increase
(P≤0.05) in the mature oocytes at 36h with mean of 56.6±1.44 compared to 24h and 48h with means of 20.0±0.57, 23.3±0.66, respectively. The
degenerated oocytes were significantly increased (P≤0.05), at 48h with
mean of 110.0±3.20 compared to 24h and 36h with means of 30.0±1.15
and 23.3±0.89 respectively.
Regarding the calcium contents of the oocytes there was a
significant increase (P≤0.05) in the duration of [Ca2+] in mature
oocytes with mean of 30.33 ± 2.52 compared to the immature
oocytes group with mean of 22.00±1.73. Regarding the amplitude
of [Ca2+] there was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the mature
camel oocytes with mean of 0.12±0.032 compared to the
immature group with mean of 0.02±0.005.
The ATP contents is significantly increased (P≤0.05) in mature
camel oocytes with mean of 68+8.87 compared to the ATP
contents in immature oocytes with mean of 19±1.57 .On the other
hand There was no significant(P≤0.01) difference in glutathione
contents in both mature an immature camel oocytes.
The mitochondrial distribution inside the oocytes was observed
the result showed that there was homogenous mitochondrial
distribution through oocytes cytoplasm in the immature oocytes,
in the mature oocytes mitochondrial distribution takes the form of
high polarization and mainly localized at the subcortical zone of
zona pleucida of the oocytes.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that:
1- There is a significant increase (p≤ 0.5) in the average no of oocytes per
ovary during breeding season than non breading season 2- The total number of excellent quality oocytes collected during
breeding season was higher than those collected during non-breeding one.
3- The obtained results showed that there was a significant increase
(P≤0.05) in the fully expanded COCs (G3) in DMEM treated group
compared to TCM-199, mSOF, CR1 treated groups, While the number of
mature oocytes (Anaphase +Telophase +MII) was significantly higher
(P≤0.05) in the DMEM treated group compared to the other treated
groups (TCM, mSOF and CR1) The number of degenerated oocytes was
significantly lower (P≤0.05) in DMEM media group.
4- using TCM and DMEM, there was a significant increase P≤0.05) in
the mature oocytes (MII) at 36h with compared to 24h and 48h, The
degenerated oocytes were significantly increased (P≤0.05) 48h with
compared to 24h and 36h.
5- Obtained results showing that there is homogenous mitochondrial
distribution through oocyte cytoplasm in the immature oocytes
meanwhile, in the mature oocytes mitochondrial distribution takes the
form of high polarization and mainly localized at the subcortical zone of
zona pleucida of the oocytes.
6- There was a significant increase (P≤0.01) in glutathione contents in
mature camel oocytes than immature.
7- ATP contents is significantly increased (P≤0.05) in mature camel
oocytes compared to the ATP contents in the immature oocytes.
8- Both Ca++ duration and amplitude was increased in mature than
immature camel oocytes.