الفهرس 
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Abstract
The scheme of this work is planned to make a field study in which
the all examined animals were 77 Holstein dairy cows in parturient and post-parturient stages located in Menoufiya Govemorate from 2000-2001. These animals are grouped into 2 groups: - Group I Consists of 20 animals, apparently healthy and clinical
normal and used as control group. - Group II: Consists of 57 parturient animals showing the clinical signs of the different stages of the disease and classified according to their age into 3 subgroups: - Subgroup (A) : Animal from 3 to 5 years (8 animals).
- Subgroup (B) : Animals from 5 to 10 years (42 animals) - Subgroup (C) : Animals more than 10 years (7 animals). The clinical signs of the investigated paretic animals showing 1. Excitement and tetany stage with hypersensitiveness and muscle tremores of the head and limbs. There may be shaking head, protrusion of the tongue and grinding of the teeth. 2. The second stage was one of sternal recumbency, consciousness was usually depressed with lateral kinic in the neck or the head turned into the flank. 3. The third stage was that of lateral reumbency. The cow was almost
comatosed and the depression of temperature and circulatory signs were more marked. The blood sampies taken at zero hour i.e. immediately before treatment, then after treatment by 72 hour for serum obtaining and biochemical studies. Another blood samples were taken on heparinized tubes for haematological studies. The serum samples were used for determination of the levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, total protein and its fractionation, blood glucose, urea, creatinine GOT, GPT, CPK, LDH, ALP, Cortisone and PUT. Tissue speciments were taken at necropsy from the heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle for histopatholgoical studies. The obtained results of this study revealed that: The haematological changes of the paretic animals showed that no significant changes in both haemoglobin content and R.B.Cs. count. There were significant increase in the leukocytic count (10.62 پ} 0.48)
x103/cu.mrn. and the differential leukocytic count revealed that
significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils (54.96 پ} 0.56%) and significant decrease of lymphocytic percentage (31.20 پ} 1.25%) while there were no significant changes in Monocytes, Eosinophils and Basophils. The biochemical changes of the parturient paretic cows showed that significant decrease in the levels of calcium (12 پ} 0.27 mgldL), phosphorus (3.18 پ} 0.10 mg/dL), Magnesium (2.16 پ} 0.O8mg/dL) and Potassium (3.79 پ} 0.24 mEq/L) while there was no significant change in the level of sodium (139.5 پ} 0.5 lmEq/L). There were significant decrease
in the levels of serum total protein (6.85 پ} 0.01 gmldL), serum albumin (2.85 پ} 0.05 gm/dL) and f3-globulin (0.54 پ} 0.11 gm/dL) while there were no significant changes in the levels of cc and ‘y globulins. There were significant increase in the levels of blood glucose (59.2 پ} 1.91 mg/dL), GOT (88.77 پ} 1.61 lUlL) and GPT (31.70 پ} 0.68 IU/L). There were no significant changes in the levels of urea (18.05 پ} 0.35 mg/dL) and creatinine (1.98 پ} 0.07 mg/dL). There were significant increase in the levels or activities of muscular enzymes as LDH (534.2 پ} 7.70 lUlL), CPK (97.20 پ} 2.90 lUlL) and ALP (92.23 پ} 1.17 lUlL). There were
significant increase in the levels of cortisol (11.17 پ} 0.21 nglml) PTH (9.17پ}0.11 ng/mL). There was a general tendency for decrease in the serum calcium and phosphorus with increased age with subsequent increase in the incidence of the disease in old ages. The treatment trials include slow intravenous administration of Cal-D-Mag, Tonophosphan, and catosol as well as sodium acid phosphate (6Ogml300mL boiling water) slowly I/V and intramuscular administration of vitamin D (Devarol S) and 2 liters of Dextrose 5% and Ringer’s lactate (IN) according to the biochemical analysis of the parturient paretic animals. The percentage of respondent animals to initial treatment was
about 78.94%. After treatment, the clinical symptoms were completely disappeared. Also the biochemical changes were significantly improved and returned nearly to that of control group.
Histopathological studies revealed acute necrotic lesions of
myocardium, with disruption of cytoplasmic components and active
invasion of the interstitium by macrophoges. Hydropic and/or fatty
degeneration of the hepatocytes. Multifocal acute infarctions affecting both kidneys with leukocytic infiltrations. Hyaline degeneration of the skeletal muscles with leukocytic infiltration.
The incidence rate of parturient paresis in Menoufiya Governorate
is about 4.26% and the highest-incidence occurs in April (7.22%) and the lowest incidence occurs in September (1.09%). from this study we can recommend: 1. Perfect diagnosis of parturient paresis to avoid the postparturient disorders as dystocia, retained fetal membranes, metritis, ketosis, abomasal displacement, mastitis 2. Prompt treatment of parturient paresis and sound dietary management by increasing phosphorus and decreasing calcium in the dry period for diminishing the incidence of hypocalcemia, hypophosphataemia and hypomagnesemia.
3. Administration of Tonophosphan and Vit. D3 with the treatment
program of parturient paresis.