الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches have recently proven to be very effective in bone regeneration (Zhu et al., 2006). An ideal tissue-engineered bone substitute for autologous bone transplantation should possess 3 elements: Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoinductive factors, and an osteoconductive scaffold (Joseph et al., 1999) The present study is a split mouth experimental study performed on ten 9-months old Male mongrel dogs , Weighing 7– 9 kg and in an orally and systemically healthy condition.
The dogs were divided according to the follow up period into two groups: A and B with five dogs in each group.
Group (A): five dogs were followed up for 1.5 month. Group (B): five dogs were followed up for 3 months. In each group, the upper lateral second incisor’s sites were selected, where the left side was chosen to be the experimental site and the right site, the positive control site.
At the experimental site: polymer scaffold seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) will be inserted after dental extraction.
At the positive control site: unseeded polymer scaffold will be inserted after dental extraction. In Group (A) Periapical images were taken after dental extraction at the
day of surgical procedures and 1.5 month postoperatively and then the animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation.
In Group (B) Periapical images were taken after dental extraction at the
day of surgical procedures, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months postoperatively, and then the animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation. The present study comprises five phases:
I. Stem cell preparation. II. Dental surgical procedure. III. Radiographic Follow up. IV. Histomorphographic analysis V. Statistical analysis
The histological and radiographic results of the present study showed that a polymer scaffold seeded with BM-MSCs resulted in a significantly greater mean bone area percentage and mean bone density and showed more prevalence of mature lamellar newly formed bone than a polymer scaffold unseeded with BM-MSCs after insertion in fresh extracted bony sockets in both groups (A) and (B) mongrel dogs, at all evaluation intervals. The present radiographic linear measurement demonstrated that both the seeded and unseeded polymer scaffolds preserved and maintained the height of the alveolar sockets and there was no significant difference between them in alveolar socket preservation capability.