الفهرس 
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Abstract
Various morphologies of CuO nanostructures (oval, cluster, leaves, small rod, porus nanosheets) have been synthesized by novel simple method using microwave radiation. The produced CuO nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis technique (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface area analyzer (BET) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The prepared nanopowders were tested as photocatalysts for the degradation of Congo Red dye (CR) as a model pollutant. The effect of copper oxide morphology on the degradation rateof CR was investigated in the presence and in the absence of visible light for 10 h. The leaves structure showed the highest photocatalytic activity with 99.3% degradation of CR. While porous nanosheet, cluster, oval and small rod structures showed 98.5%, 96%, 93%, and 89% degradation of CR, respectively. The present work shows that the (0 0 2) crystallographic orientation is more favorable for photodegradation of CR and these morphologies of CuO nanopowder are potential candidates as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. The ability of CuO nanostructures as adsorbent was investigated for adsorptive removal of Pb (IJ) ions from aqueous solutions. Various The ability of CuO nanostructures as adsorbent was investigated for adsorptive removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, and equilibrium contact time were studied. The optimum solution pH for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was found to be 6.5 and the optimum contact time was found to be 4 hrs. The adsorption isotherms were obtained using concentrations of the metal ions ranging from 100 to 300 mg L-1 . The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics, as well as Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum capacity of oval, cluster, leaves, small rod and porus nanosheets CuO nanostructures for Pb2+ are 125,116,117,120 and 115 mg g”. This study revealed that CuO nano structures was an effective adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The prepared CuO nanostructures showed an antibacterial activity for a wide range of bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus (RCMB 000106) and Bacillus subtilis (RCMB 000107) (as gram positive bacteria), while showed a weak activity toward Pseudomonas aeruginoca (RCMB 000102) and no any activity towards Escherichia coli (RCMB 000103) (as gram negative bacteria) with minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.48µg/mL to 250µg/mL. In the performance test, the obtained CuO nanostructures showed great antibacterial activities, as good as penicillin G and streptomycin especially towards Bacillus subtilis (RCMB 000107). Key words: Copper oxide; Nanostructures; Morphology; Microwave; Photoactalysis; Adsorption ; Lead ions and Antibacterial activity.