الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out in two trials, the first trial aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of some plant by-product such as orange waste, malt by-products, pea-pods and fig waste at different levels in isonitrogenous-isocaloric diets on growth performance, carcass traits as well ammonia and total volatile fatty acids concentrations in the caecum of rabbits fed these diets. The second trial was to evalute the nutritive value (nutrients digestibility, TDN and DCP) of the experimental diets and the by-products used.
THE FIRST TRIAL:
EXPERIMENTAL DIETS:
Samples of dried, orange waste, malt by-product, brewer’s grains, pea-pods and fig waste were finely ground and prepared for chemical analysis. Then after the by-products were included at different levels, based upon their chemical composition and estimated digestible energy values, in isonitrogenous isocaloric diets containing on average 16.83% CP, 12.55% CF and 2620 Kcal DE/kg diet. Orange waste was included at 7 and 14%, malt by-product and pea-pods were included at 10 and 16%, brewer’s grains was included at 5 and 10% and fig waste was included at 10% in the diets.
EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS:
A total of 80 New Zealand White rabbits of both sexes weaned at 35 days old were used. Rabbits were fed the control diet for 7 days for accomodation, then divided into 10 equal groups have nearly an equal initial body weight and given the experimental diets till end of the trial (14 weeks old). Growth performance (feed intake, body gain, feed conversion, relative growth rate) was measured weekly.
RABBITS PERFORMANCE:
- The final body weight of rabbits fed the diets containing OW-7, OW-14, MBP-10, BG-5 and BG-10 (2410, 2393, 2408, 2420 and 2375 g respectively) did not differ significantly from the control ones (2447 g), while rabbits fed the diets containing MBP-16, PP-10, PP-16 and FW-10 had significant (P<0.05) lower body weight (2338, 2329, 2128 and 2081 g respectively) compared with rabbits
fed the control diet.
- There were no significant differences for total body gain Or average daily gain throughout the first trial between the control and the experimental groups except for the rabbits fed FW-10 diet which had a significant (P<0.05) lower values for total body gain and average daily gain (1267 and 22.62 g respectively) compared with rabbits fed the control diet (1628 and 29.07 g respectively). total volatile fatty acids concentrations.
- Ammonia concentration in the caecum (mg/g dried caecal content) of rabbits fed the PP-16 diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher (1.10) than that of the group fed the control diet (0.95), while the rabbits fed the OW-7 and OW-14 diets had significant lower values (0.84 and 0.73 respectively) compared with the control ones.
Caecal concentration of volatile fatty acids (meq/100 ml caecal extract) in the group fed the OW-14 diet was significnatly (P<0.05) higher (1.23) than that in the group fed the control diet (0.86).
2— THE SECOND TRIAL:
NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DIETS:
Ten digestibility trials were carried out to determine the nutritional value (nutrients digestibility TDN and DCP) of the experimental diets as affected by inclusion of the by-products under investigation.
- The diet containing brewer’s grains at 5% had the highest digestion coefficient of DM (63.7), while the FW-10 diet had the lowest value (61.74) compared with the control diet (63.2). Other diets had values comparable to that of
the control.
- Inclusion of OW at 14% in the diet improved digestibility of OM (65.8%) and CF (23.9%) and decreased digestibility of CP (67%) compared with the control diet (65,22 and 70% respectively). On the other hand addition of PP at 16% and BG at 5 and 10% in the diets improved digestibility of CP (71.81, 72 and 72.6% respectively) with a slight decrease in CF digestibility (19.97, 21 and 20.34% respectively) compared with the control diet.
-Addition of FW at 10% in the diet decreased the digestibility of OM, CP and CF (63.29, 68 and 19% respectively) compared with the control diet.
-Digestion coefficient of NFE was higher for OW containing diets (74 and 74.94) for the 7 and 14% diet respectively compared with the control diet (72).
-Diets containing BG-5 and OW-7 had TDN values (64.09 and 64) similar to that of the control one (64.03), while the PP-16 and FW-10 diets had the lowest values (62.71 and
62.6 respectively).
-Addition of MBP, PP and BG to the rabbit diets improved tho DCP of the diets (13.23 and 13.26, 13.26 and 13.55 and 13.16 and 13.38 respectively) compared with the control diet (12.93), while addition of OW at 14% decreased the DCP of the diet (12.24).
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE BY-PRODUCTS:
Five indierect digestibility trials were conducted to determine the nutritional value of orange waste, malt by-products, pea-pods, brewer’s grains and fig waste indirectly. - Digestion coefficients of DM and OM of OW were reported to be 66.06 and 67.07 respectively, while low values were recorded for PP (55.36 and 53.9 respectively).