الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hypospadias is one of the major problems in pediatric urologic surgery. Operations for repair of hypospadias should achieve both functional and cosmetic integrity of the penis.
Testosterone has fundamental role in development of male urethra and external genitalia, it leads to male genotype and suppress the way to female genotype.
Unclear etiology of hypospadias, but some theories explained the deficiency of serum testosterone or long duration exposure to anti androgen (progesterone) during pregnancy.
The main issue in success of hypospadias repair is choice of ideal operation suitable to the selected cases, well developed penis, pliable and abundant genital skin, enough and easily mobilized to do repair.
In our study, testosterone has a significant effect on the penile length, the mean increase in penile length was 9.5mm; it was found highly significant (p=0.0001).
On the other hand, testosterone has suppressive effect on healing process, so the active group patients had high rate of healing complications in form of fistula versus the controlled group but it was insignificant. Also hematoma complication was higher in active group than the controlled group.
Testosterone was found to increase the vascularity and angiogenesis in the fore sink, which help in taking good vascularized flap in repair.
Both local and parenteral testosterone had a significant effect on penile length and vascularity.
The limitation of this report was the small sample size, limiting the statistical power.